DIRECT EXAMINATION 



47 



counting spores and yeast cells a magnification of i8o diam. 

 would prove very satisfactory, especially with a well-corrected 

 wide aperture objective. The counting of cocci is more confusing 

 than the counting of baciUi, but fortunately the microbic contami- 



FiG. II. — Cluster of mold hyphffi in granular (decomposed) tomato pulp. This 

 type of mold is traceable to field-rotted tomatoes. The finding of hyphae of this 

 type in tomato catsup indicates the use of rotted tomatoes, therefore, indicates 

 inadequate cuUing at the factory. — {Howard, Yearbook U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, 

 1911.) 



nations of most vegetable substances are bacillar, though there are 

 some notable exceptions. 



Mold Coimting. — Thus far no satisfactory method for making 

 estimates of the amount of mold hyphae present in fruit and in 

 animal products has come into use. The method recommended 

 by B. J. Howard, Chief of the Micro-chemical Laboratory of the 

 U. S. Bureau of Chemistry, namely, determining the degree of 



