14 



cuttings are transplanted, whether that be three weeks or three 

 years. 



When planting in grove fona, the. cuttings are placed in a 

 vertical position if seedling trees are to "be imitated, or in 

 an almost horizontal position if it be the grower's intention 

 to plant close and prodiice small trees ; and when the object 

 is to dwarf the trees, the cuttings are almost inverted. In 

 either case, the cutting is entirely covered with soil, except 

 the portion occupied "by the bud, which is protected by a sroall 

 cylinder of zinc, two or three inches long, which is fitted to 

 the cutting and protrudes through tlie soil, giving light aiid 

 air to the bud. This is removed, however, vihen the bud attains 

 a height of 10 or 12 inches, and the soil is then drawn up 

 around the bud. The subsequent cultivation is the same as 

 with trees propagated in the usual way. Mr. Rowell's three 

 year old grove in Florida produced by this method yielded its 

 first crop over 300 oranges to the tree in some instances. 



Methods of Planting Orchards in California 



The land chosen for the site of an orange grove should be 

 surveyed and well graded wherever necessary, so that water 

 will flow from every part of the tract from the main pipes or 

 ditches. It ought to be thoroxighly worked, at least a foot 

 deep, ploughing twice and harrowing well ; a subsoil attach- 

 ment can be used to loosen the soil several inches below the 

 bottom of the plough furrows. The orange tree requires a 

 warm, rich, and well-drained soil, which receives the best of 



