28 

 glands, or by other ways. Citric acid can be manufactured 

 from their juice, both for pharmaceutical purijoses and for 

 aerated waters. The so-called aerated lemonades In India are 

 In most cases, If not In all, really bartarades, or, perhaps, 

 sulphurades, they being much cheaper than citric acid. The 

 citric acid can be manufactured even from sour oranges, and 

 sour citrus of any kind with sufficient juice in it. The 

 citrus are also used in perfumery, ViHien orange flowers are 

 macerated in a fatty matter, by what is called "enf leurage," 

 eight kilogrammes are required to enflower one kilogramme of 

 grease, divided over thirty-two infusions. This pomatum is 

 then digested in rectified spirits, which takes up the essen- 

 tial oil, and forms extract of orange flowers. This scent is 

 so fine that it cannot be recognized from that of the flower. 

 From it "Sweet Pea," "Magnolia," and other scents are made 

 up. If orange flowers are distilled with v/ater, the Otto or 

 "Oil of Neroll," is produced. This appears originally to be 

 dedicated to the memory of theEmperor Nero. He is stated to 

 have had perfumed showers come down from the roof of his dinliig 

 hall. The finest otto is considered that which is extracted 

 from the flowers of Citrus Aurantium (Portugal or sv;eet orange). 

 It is called "Neroll Petale," or "Neroll Douce," Sweet Neroll. 

 The next quality is that from the flowers of the Citrus 



Blgardla or Seville Orange. It is called "Neroll Bigarade," 

 t 



or bitter Neroll. Another otto is distilled from the leaves 

 and young unripe fruit of different varieties of citrus. It 

 Is called "Petit Grain," from the little oil siecks in the 



