30 



and Is the leading Ingredient In "Lisbon water" and "Eau de 

 Portugal ." 



No tree is so prof itable to the flovi/er fanner as the orange. 

 The leaves of -"-lie orf.nf--:e tree yield t.n otl,o worth (in 1879) 

 three shillings an ounce ; the flov/er an otto, worth ten 

 shillings an ounce, The flower, by "enf leurage, " yields a 

 fat v,/orth ten shillings a pound, and the rind, an otto, worth 

 twelve to sixteen shillings per pound. Moreover, if the fruit 

 cannot be sold by the score in the market, cut up and mixed 

 with bran it makes a capital food for cattle. 



The plains of India, in the opinion of Bonavla are not 

 very favorable for obtaining a large quantity of otto from any 

 plant. The hot dry atmosphere appears to dissipate a good, 

 deal of the essential oil of flowers and seeds, such as oriander, 

 etc. Therefore, the orange flowers, would have to be collect- 

 ed before sunrise in the morning, otherwise a cooler climate 

 would be preferred for extracting otto prof ltably--such as the 

 Hlm.alayan Hills, where the citrus can be grown without being 

 destroyed by frost in winter. In Kumaon many kinds of citrus 

 grow to perfection, also in Buxa, Assam, and the Khasla Hills. 



Besides the extraction of essential oils from the citrus 

 rind, the latter can be made into "candled peel" for purposes 

 of confectionery. A combination of citric acid, flavored 

 with lemon oil, perhaps enters into the composition of lemon 

 drops. The Seville orange is used for making marmalade. 



One of the best citrus preserves Is the lemon Jelly. The 

 clti^on peel also is preserved in syrup in India and the pulp of 



