422 
SECTION 
IV. 
PET AND TOY DOGS. 
CHAPTER 
XLVI. 
THE POMERANIAN. 
BY G. M. HICKS. 
“ Rufino was a little Pomeranian dog with a small black nose, and large black eyes, and a ruff as 
wide and imposing as Queen Elizabeth's. 
He held women in profound scorn and abhorrence. 
They absorbed and monopolised his master, and he considered his master his own property. In 
Ruffino’s estimation, a man does not own a dog: the dog owns the man.’’—OUIDA. 
ONG before the Pomeranian dog was 
common in Great Britain, this breed 
was to be met with in many parts of 
Europe, especially in Germany; and he 
was known under different names, ac- 
cording to his size and the locality in 
which he flourished. The title of Pome- 
ranian is not admitted by the Germans 
at all, who claim this as one of their 
national breeds, and give it the general 
name of the German Spitz. This is 
the title assigned to it by Herr Karl 
Wolfsholz of Elberfeld in his work “ Der 
deutsche Spitz in Wort und Bild,” published 
in 1906. In Stuttgart there is a beautiful 
stone monument representing a vine-dresser 
with his faithful companion the Spitz. 
In Italy this same race of the canine 
species is called the Volpino, in France the 
Lulu, in Belgium the Keeshond, and in 
England the Pomeranian. 
Ludwig Beckmann, of Brunswick, who 
in 1894 wrote a history of the races of dogs, 
gives the following table showing the various 
classes into which the Spitz may be divided : 
I.—Langhaarige Spitze (long-haired). 
(a) Deutsche Spitze. 
(0) Nordische Spitzartige Hunde. 
(c) Siidliche Spitzartige Hunde. 
II.—Stockhaarige Spitze (wire-haired). 
(a) Sibirische Laika (Samoyede). 
(6) Elchund der Lappen (Elkhound). 
IlI.—Kurzhaarige Spitze (short-haired). 
(a) Belgischer Spitze (Schipperke). 
(b) Chinesische  Spitzartige Hunde 
(Chow Chow). 
(c) Indische Spitzartige Hunde. 
Wolfsholz states that the remains of the 
Wolfspitz have been found in great numbers 
in caves in Germany, and in lake dwellings 
in Switzerland and North Italy; and this 
statement is borne out by an article in the 
Kleintier und Geffliigel Zeitung, Stuttgart, 
by Albert Kull, in 1898. That a variety 
of the Pomeranian or Spitz has found a 
habitat in Italy for many years is well 
known to all English travellers in that 
country. The type peculiar to Italy is of a 
bright yellow or orange colour, and is fast 
becoming a favourite one in England at 
the present time. 
Ouida, in her little book “‘ Ruffino,” says : 
“Rome was his birthplace, but he had 
never been able to comprehend how his 
race, with their double coat of long hair, 
and short hair underneath, ever became 
natives of a hot country like Italy. Yet it 
was quite certain that natives they had 
