64 PINACEAE (PINE FAMILY) 



3. P. rlgida Mill. (Pitch P.) Leaves (5-12 cm. long) dark green, from 

 short sheaths ; cones ovoid-conical or ovoid (3-9 cm. long), often in clusters ; 

 scales with a short stout generally recurved prickle. — Sandy or barren soil, 

 N. B. to L. Ontario, e. Te'nn., and n. Ga. — A tree 10-25 m. high, with very 

 rougli dark bark and hard resinous wood ; sterile flowers shorter ; scales 6-8. 



4. P. ser6tina Michx. (Pond or Maksh P.) Similar to the last but readily 

 distinguished by its much longer leaves (16-25 cm. in length) and sheaths, as 

 well as the short more deciduous prickles of the cone. — Coastal swamps, Va. 

 {Hai-per) to Fla. 



5. P. pungens Lamb. (Table Mountain P.) Leaves stout, short, in 2's 

 or 3's (3-6 cm. long), crowded, bluish; the sheath short (very short on old 

 foliage); the scales armed with a strong hooked spine. — Allegheny Mts., N. J. 

 and Pa., to Ga. and Tenn. — A rather small tree (6-18 m. high) ; cones long- 

 persistent. 



L'6. P. virgini&na Mill. (Jehsey or Soedb P.) Leaves short (4-8 cm. 

 long) , in 2's ; cones sometimes curved , the scales tipped with a straight or re- 

 curved awl-shaped prickle. (P. inopsA\t.) — Barrens and sterile hills, L. I. to 

 S.C., Ala., and s. Ind. — A straggling tree (5-12 in. high), with spreading or 

 drooping branchlets ; larger westward. Young shoots with a purplish glaucous 

 bloom. 



7. P. Banksiana Lamb. (Gray or Northern Scrub P.) Leaves in 2's, 

 very short and thick (usually 2-3 cm. long), oblique, divergent; cones conical, 

 oblong, usually curved (4-5 cm. long), smooth, the scales pointless, or with a 

 minute obsolescent prickle. (P. divaricata auth.) — Barren, sandy, or rocky soil, 

 N. S. to n. N.Y., w. to n. 111., Minn., and northw. — ^A low tree, usually 6-10 

 (rarely 20) m. high. 



1/8. P. echinata Mill. (Yellow P.) Leaves in 2's or 3's, slender, mostly 

 about 1 dm. long, with long sheaths ; cone-scales with a minute weak prickle. 

 (P. mitis Michx.) — Usually dry or sandy soil, Staten I. to Kan., and southw. — 

 A straight tree (15-30 m. high), with dark green leaves more soft and slender 

 than the preceding. The western form has more rigid leaves and more tubercu- 

 late and spiny cones. 



9. P. SYLVESTRis L. (ScoTCH P., ScoTOH FiR.) LeavBS in 2's, dark green; 

 cones 4-6 cm. long, the thickened rhombic scales with central tubercle but not 

 spinous. — Much cultivated, and thoroughly naturalized at some points on the 

 N. E. coast. — A valuable long-lived tree attaining considerable height, but the 

 trunk rarely straight, the bark gray. (Nat. from Eu.) 



10. P. resinbsa Ait. (Red P.) Leaves in 2's, dark green; cones ovoid- 

 conical, smooth {about 5 cm. long), their scabies slightly thickened, pointless; 

 sterile flowers oblong-linear (12-18 mm. long), subtended by about 6 involucral 

 scales which are early deciduous by an articulation above the base. — Dry woods, 

 Mass. to n. Pa., Mich., and Minn., and northw. — A tall tree, with reddish rather 

 smooth bark and hard wood, not very resinous. 



11. P. palustris Mill. (Long-leaved, Yellow, or Georgia P.) Leaves in 

 3's from long sheaths, very long, crowded at the summit of very scaly branches ; 

 sterile flowers 6-8 cm. long, rose-purple ; cones large, cylindrical or conical- 

 oylindric, the thick scales armed icith a short recurved spine. (P. australis Michx. ) 

 — Sandy soil, s. Va. to Fla. and Tex. — A large tree, with thin-scaled bark and 

 exceedingly hard and resinous wood. 



2. zARIX [Tourn.] Adans. Larch 



Catkins lateral, terminating short spurs on branches of a year's grovrth or 

 more, short or globular, developed in early spring ; the sterile from leafless buds ; 

 the fertile'mostly with leaves below. Anther-cells opening transversely. Pollen- 

 grains simple, globular. Cone-scales persistent. — Leaves needle-shaped, soft, 

 deciduous, very many in a fascicle, developed in early spring from lateral scaly 

 and globular buds. Fertile catkins crimson or red in flower. (The ancient 

 name. "1 



