66 tlNACEAE (pine FAM1L-?) 



S. TSUGA (Endl.) Carr. Hemlock 



Sterile flowers a sutglobose cluster of stamens, from the axils of last year's 

 leaves, the long stlpa surrounded by numerous bud-scales ; anthers tipped with 

 a short spur or knob, their confluent cells opening transversely ; pollen-grains 

 simple. Cones on the end of last year's branchlets, maturing the first year, 

 pendulous; their scales thin, persistent. — Leaves scattered, flat, whitened 

 beneath, appearing 2-ranked. (The Japanese name of one of the species.) 



1. T. canadensis (L.) Carr. Leaves petioled, short-linear, obtuse, 8-13 mm. 

 long ; cones ovoid, 1.5-2.5 cm. long, the scales suborbicular. {Abies Michx.) — 

 Mostly hilly or rocky woods, N. B. and N. S. to Del., and along the mts. to Ala., 

 w. to Minn. — A tall tree, with light and spreading spray and delicate foliage, 

 bright green above, silvery beneath. 



2. T. carolini^na Engelm. Leaves petioled, linear, 15-18 tern, long ; cones 

 ovoid, 2-3.5 cm. long; scales oblong, in age loosely imbricated, widely and 

 irregularly spreading. — Mts. of Va. to Ga. 



6. TAXdDIUM Kichard. Bald Ctpkess 



Flowers monoecious, the two kinds on the same branches. Sterile flowers 

 spiked-pan icled, of few stamens ; filaments scale-like, shield-shaped, bearing 

 2-5 anther-cells. Fertile catkins ovoid, in small clusters, scaly, with a pair of 

 ovules at the base of each scale. Cone globular, closed, composed of very thick 

 and angular somewhat shield-shaped scales, bearing 2 angled seeds at the base. 

 Cotyledons 0-9. — Trees, with light green deciduous leaves ; a part of the slender 

 leafy branchlets of the season also deciduous in autumn. (Name compounded 

 of rd^os, the yew, and eUos, resemblance, the leaves being yew-like. ) 

 1/ 1. T. dfstichum (L.) Richard. Leaves linear and spreading; also some 

 awl-shaped and imbricated on flowering branchlets. — Swamps, s. Del. to s. 111., 

 Mo. and Tex. March, April. 



7. CHAMAECtPARIS Spach. White Cedar. Cypress 



Flowers monoecious on different branches, in terminal small catkins. Sterile 

 flowers composed of shield-shaped scale-like filaments bearing 2-4 anther-cells 

 under the lower margin. Fertile catkins globular, of shield-shaped scales de- 

 cussate in pairs, bearing few (1-4) erect bottle-shaped ovules at base. Cone 

 globular, firmly closed, but opening at maturity ; the scales thick, pointed or 

 bossed in the middle ; the few angled or somewhat winged seeds attached to 

 their contracted base or stalk. Cotyledons 2 or 3. — Strong-scented evergreen 

 trees, with very small and scale-like or some awl-shaped closely appressed- 

 imbrioated leaves, distichous branchlets, and exceedingly durable wood. (From 

 Xa/iat, on the ground, and KVTrdpL<r<ros, cypress.') 



1. C. thyoides (L.) BSP. (White Cedar.) Leaves minute, pale, often 

 with a small gland on the back, closely imbricated in 4 rows ; cones small 

 (6-9 mm. in diameter) of about 3 pairs of scales; seeds slightly winged. (C. 

 sphaeroidea Spach.) — Swamps, s. N. H. to Fla. and Miss. — A tree 10-25 m. 

 high, resembling Arbor Vitae. Doubtfully indigenous in N. S., and said to have 

 been originally collected in Canada by Kalm. 



8. THtrjA L. Arbor Vitae 



Flowers mostly monoecious on different branches, in very small terminal 

 ovoid catkins. Stamens with a scale-like filament or connective, bearing 

 4 anther-cells. Fertile catkins of few imbricated scales (fixed by the base) each 



bearing 2 erect ovules; dry and spreading at maturity. Cotyledons 2. Smali 



evergreen trees, with very flat 2-ranked spray, and closely imbricated small 

 appressed persistent leaves ; these of two sorts, on different or successive 

 branchlets ; one awl-shaped ; the other scale-like, blunt, short, and adnate to 

 [he branch. (Ovla or 9i)a, the ancient «ame of some resin-bearing evergreen.) 



