136 



JKAMINEAE (GRASS FAMILY) 



110. C. cinnoides. 

 Spikelet with de- 

 tached glumes X 3. 



9. C. cinnoides (Mubl) Barton. Glaucous; culms stout, 

 1-1.8 111. high, solitary or few, erect or leaning; leaves verj 

 scabrous, sometimes sparingly hirsute, 1.5-3 dm. long, 6-10 mm. 

 wide (those of the innovations shorter, narrow) ; panicles 8-17 

 cm. long, tapering to summit, usually much contracted; spike- 

 lets 6-7 mm. long; glumes keeled, very scabrous, acuminate- 

 aristate, the tips usually cwafd outward, exceeding the acuminate 

 lemma which is awned above the middle ; callus-hairs about 

 \ the length of the floret, those of the rudiment copious, con- 

 fined to the tip, almost equaling the lemma. (C Nuttal- 

 liana Steud.) — Moist ground, Me. to 0. and southw. Fig. 

 110. 



36. AMM6pHILA Host 



Spikelets 1-flowered, large, awnless, crowded in a long spike-like panicle ; 

 rhachilla prolonged behind the palea into a hairy bristle ; glumes firm, subequal, 

 compressed-keeled, acute ; lemma of like texture, surrounded 

 at base with siiort hairs, 2-toothed at the apex and muoronate 

 between the teeth ; palea nearly as long, rather firm, the two 

 nerves close together. — A coarse perennial with creeping root- 

 stocks, rigid culms and involute leaves. (Name from iniun, 

 sand, and ipiKetv, to lovel) 



1. A. areniria (L.) Link. (Sea Sand-reed, Psamma, 

 Marram, Beach Grass.) Culm stout, 0.5-1 m. high, branch- 

 ing at the base, from firm running rootstocks ; leaves long, 

 soon involute ; panicle 1-4 dm. long ; spikelets compressed ; 

 glumes and lemma scabrous. {A. arnndinacea Tlozt.) — Sandy ill. A. arenaria. 

 beaches, along the coast, N. B. to N. C. ; and on the Great Lakes, inflorescence x Vi» 

 Aug., Sept. (Eu.) — An important sand-binder. Fig. 111. Spikelets x l. 



n2. A. spica-venti. 

 Spikelet with de- 

 tached glume.s X 3. 



37. APERA Adans. 



Spikelets 1-flowered ; rhachilla prolonged behind the palea 

 into a minute naked bristle ; glumes thin in texture, subequal, 

 and slightly exceeding the lemma which bears a slender awn 

 from just below the apex ; palea nearly as long as the lemma, 

 2-toothed. — Annuals with flat leaves and diffuse panicles. 

 (Name from iTrjpos, unmaimed ; application obscure.) 



1. A. spicA-vENTi (L.) Beauv. Culms slender, 3-7 dm. 

 high, tufted, erect or geniculate at the lower nodes ; blades 

 linear ; panicle 1-3.6 dm. long, the very slender branches 

 verticillate, spikelet-bearing near the ends ; spikelets 2 mm. 

 long, shining ; lemma scabrous, awn 5-7 mm. long. — Spar- 

 ingly naturalized eastw. June, July. (Nat. from Eu.') Flo. 

 112. 



38. CfNNA L. Wood Reed Grass 



Spikelets 1-flowered ; rhachilla articulated below the glumes, forming a short 

 naked stipe below the floret, and prolonged behind the palea into a minute 

 bristle ; glumes narrow, hispidulous on the keel ; lemma 3-5 -nerved, with a short 

 awn from between the minute teeth of the bifld apex ; palea 1-nerved, or 2-nerved, 

 the nerves close together ; stamen 1. — Tall perennials with flat leaves, conspicu- 

 ous hyaline ligules, and many-flowered nodding panicles. (From Khm, a name 

 used by Dioscorides for a kind of grass.) 



1. C. arundinHcea L. Culms 0.5-1.5 m. high, erect, solitary or few together . 

 blades 2-3 dm. long, 1 cm. or less wide (rarely wider), slightly scabrous ; panicle 



