186 



CYPEKACBAB (SEDGE FAMILY^) 



1. P. scirpoides Torr. Annual (0.2-3 dm. high), leafy; 

 leaves flat ; spikelets 20-30-flowered ; scales oblong-ovate, acute, 

 chestnut^colored ; achene finely roughened, somewhat margined, 

 beaked with a long sword-shaped almost wholly persistent style. 

 — Wet sandy shores and swamps, Mass. and K. I.; u. Ind. 

 V Y Aug.-Oct. Fig. 266. 



\ 1 2. P. nitens (Vahl) Wood. Similar; often be- 



^ 1 coming 5-7 dm. high ; faces of the achene with A 



26ii. P. scirpoides strong transverse ribs; tubercle depressed, broader 



than high. — Wet sandy shores and bogs, L. I. and 267. P. nitena. 

 Del., southw.; n. Ind. Aug.-Oot. Fig. 267. 



7. STENOPHYLLUS Raf. 



Spikelets as in Fimbristylis, the comparatively large scales in few ranks. 

 Stamens 2 or 3. Style 2-3-cleft, filiform, glabrous, its base swollen and forming 

 a persistent colored tubercle. Otherwise as in Fimbristylis; standing in the 

 same relation to that genus as Eleocharis to Scirpus. — Leaves primarily basal, 

 narrowly linear or filiform, the sheaths hairy or ciliate. (Name 

 from (TTevds, narrow, and ipiiWov, leaf) 



1. S. capillilris (L.) Britton. Low annual, densely tufted 

 (0.3-3 dm. high) ; culms and leaves nearly capillary, the latter 

 short, minutely ciliate ; umbels compound or panicled, loose or 

 268. S. caplllaris. compact (in dwarf plant often much reduced) ; spikelets ovoid- 

 oblong, brown to blackish ; stamens 2 ; achene acutely triangular, 

 minutely wrinkled, very blunt. ( Fimbristylis Gray.) — Sandy fields, Me. to Fla., 

 w. to the Pacific. July-Oct. (Trop. Am.) Fig. 268. 



8. FIMBRiSTYLIS Vahl. 



Spikelets several-many-flowered, terete ; scales all floriferous, regularly imbri- 

 cated in several ranks. Stamens 1-3. Style 2-3-cleft, often with a dilated or 

 tumid base, which is deciduous from the apex of the naked lenticular or trian- 

 gular achene. Otherwise as in Scirpus. Spikelets in our 

 species umbelled, and the involucre 2-3-leaved. (Name com- 

 pounded of fimbria, a fringe, and stylus, style, which is 

 fringed with hairs in the genuine species.) 



* Style 2-cleft ; achene lenticular. 



■*- Spikelets mostly on elongate rays; style ciliate. 



1. F. spadicea (L.) Vahl. Perennial, rigid; the thickened 

 base covered with firm dark sheaths ; culms' wiry, 0.3-1 m. 

 high, nearly naked ; leaves pale and firm, 

 involute ; umbel 3-10-rayed, the rays very 

 unequal, some simple, others forking ; 

 spikelets ovoid to short-cylindric, 0.7-1.7 

 cm. long, the firm somewhat lustrous dark 

 scales all glabrous ; stamens 2 or 3 ; 

 achene broadly obovate, lustrous, minutely 

 striate ai)d reticulated. — Sand-dunes and 

 brackish shores, Va. to Fla. and Tex. 

 Aug.-Oct. (Trop. Am.) Fig. 269. 



2. F. castHnea (Miohx.) Vahl. Similar; 

 (l.ri-7 dm. high) a,nA freely stoloniferous ; the basal sheaths 

 softer and thinner; the culms and the thread-form or con- 

 volute-channeled leaves smooth and somewhat rigid ; spikelets 

 ovoid-ellipsoid 0.5-1 on. long, becoming cylindrical, chestnut-color; the scales 

 softer and thinner, at least the lower puberulent. (F. spadicea, va,r. Gray.)^ 

 Salt marshes and sand, along the coast from N. Y. to Fla. and Tex. ; extending 

 uorthw. in the interior to Ont. , Mich., 111., and Neb. July-Oct. Fig. 270. 



F. spadicea. 

 more slender 



270. F. castanea. 



