382 BETULACBAE (bIECH FAMILY^ 



3. C. lacinidsa (Michx. f.) Loud. (Bio Shell-eark, King Nut.) Bark, 

 etc., ag in no. 2; leaflets 7-9, more downy beneath; fruit ovoid, 4-ribbed 

 above the middle, tlie huslc very thick ; nut large (3-5 cm. long) and usually 

 angular, dull white or yellowish, thick-walled, usually strongly pointed at both 

 ends. (C. sulcata Nutt.; Hicoria laciniosa Sarg.) — Centr. N. Y. and Pa. to 

 s. Iiid., la., e. Kan., and I. T.— Trunk 20-30 m. high, or more, in rich soil of 

 bottom lands. 



i. C. Alba (L.) K. Koch. (Mocker Nut, White-heart H.) Barh close, 

 rough, but not shaggy nor exfoliating on old trunks ; oatkin.s, shoots, and lower 

 surface of the leaves tomentose when young, resinous-scented; leaflets 7-9, 

 lance-ol ovate or the lower oblong-lanceolate, pointed; fruit globular or ovoid, 

 with a very thick and hard husk ; nut globular, not compressed, 4-ridged toicard 

 the slightly pointed summit, brownish, very thick-shelled, 2.5 cm. in diameter 

 or smaller. (G. tomentosa Nutt.; Hicoria alba Britton.) — E. Mass. to n. 

 shore of L. Erie, e. Neb., and s. to the Gulf. — Tree 20-30 m. high, usually on rich 

 upland hillsides. A species not to be confused with C alba Nutt., which is 

 now to be called G. ovata. 



5. 0. microcdrpa Nutt. With rough close bark, small ovoid buds, and the 

 glabrous foliage, etc., of no. 7; fruit small, subglobose, with rather thin husk; 

 nut thin-shelled, not angled. {Hicoria Britton ; H. glabra, var. odorata Sarg.; 

 H borealis Ashe ?) — " Que." and e. Mass. to Del., Mich., and Mo. 



* * Bud-scales numerous or few ; husk of the fruit thin and rather friable at 

 maturity, i-valved only to the middle or tardily to near the base ; seed more 

 or less bitter. 



+- Bark of trunk exfoliating in long strips. 



6. C. aquitica (Michx. f.) Nutt. (Bitter Pecan.) Bud-scales few, sub- 

 valvate ; leaflets 9-15, falcate-lanceolate, attenuate; serrate, of firm texture ; 

 nut strongly compressed and sharply angled; seed very bitter. (^Hicoria 

 Britton.) — River swamps, Va. to s. 111., Mo., Tex., and Fla. 



■t- H- Bark not exfoliating. 



7. C. gUbra (Mill.) Spaoh. (Pignut or Broom H.) Bud-soales nearly 

 as in no. 4, but smaller, caducous ; shoots, catkins, and leaves glabrous or nearly 

 so ; leaflets 5-7, oblong- or obovate-lanoeolate and taper-pointed, serrate ; fruit 

 pear-shaped to ovoid; nut (3-5 cm. long) loith thick bony shell; the oily 

 seed at first sweet in taste, then bitterish. {C. porcina Kutt.; Hicoria glabra 

 Britton.) — Dry woodlands, s. Me. to Fla., w. to Ont., Minn., e. Neb., and 



' Tex. — Tree 20-30 (rarely 37) m. high. Passing to 



Var. villbsa (Sarg.) Robinson. Petioles, rhaohises, and peduncles sordid- 

 villous ; the lower surface of the leaflets mostly paler, covered with broader and 

 more numerous peltate scale-like glands. (Hicoria glabra, var. Sarg. ; H. vil- 

 losa and H. pallida Ashe.) — Va. to Mo. and south w. 



8. C. cordi^6rmis (Wang.) K. Koch. (Bitter Nut or Swamp H.) Scales of 

 the small yellowish buds about 6, valvate in pairs, caducous in leafing ; catkins 

 and young herbage more or less pubescent, soon becoming almost glabrous ; 

 leaflets 7-11, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate ; fruit tuvgid-ellipsoid, narrowly 

 6-ridged ; nut turgid, smoothish, shallowly reticulate-sulcate, globular, sho1^t- 

 pointed, white (barely 2.5 cm. long), thin-walled, with slender-conical beak and 

 persistent expanded stigma ; seed at first sweet-tasted, soon extremely bitter. 

 {C. amara Nutt. ; Hicoria minima Britton.) — Rich woods, w. Que. and N. E. to 

 Fla., n. shore of L. Huron, Minn., e. Neb., and Tex. — Tre6 15—30 m. high; 

 husk and shell thinner and less hard than in other species. Koch, who first 

 transferred Juglans cordiformis Wang, to Carya, confused other material with it, 

 but the binomial technically rests on the plant of Wangenheim. 



BETULACEAE (Birch Family) 



Monoecious (rarely dioecious) trees or shritbs, with alternate simple straight- 

 veined leaves and deciduous stipules; the sterile flowers in catkins, the fertile 



