404 KANUNCULACEAE (CROWB^OOT FAMILY) 



woods, chiefly in calcareous districts, e. Que. to Hudson B. and L. Winnipeg 

 locally s. to Del., Va., W. Va., Mich, and Minn. May, June. 



10. ISOPtRUM L. 



Sepals 5, petal-like, deciduous. Stamens 10-40. Pistils 3-6 or more, pointed 

 with the styles. Pods ovate or oblong, 2-3everal-seeded. — Slender smooth 

 perennial herbs, with 2-3-ternately compound leaves ; the leaflets 2-3-lobed. 

 Flowers axillary and terminal, white. (From labirvpov, the ancient name of a 

 Fumaria.) 



1. I. biternatum (Raf.) T. & G. Petals none ; filaments white, club-shaped ; 

 pistils 3-6 (commonly 4), divaricate in fruit, 2-3-seeded ; seeds smooth. — 

 Moist shady places, s. Ont. {Dearness) to Minn., and southw. May. — Fibers 

 of the root thickened here and there into little tubers. 



11. CAlTHA [Rupp.] L. Marsh Marigold 



Sepals 5-9, petal-like. Pistils 5-10, with scarcely any styles. Pods (folli- 

 cles) compressed, spreading, many-seeded. — Glabrous perennials, with round 

 and heart-shaped or kidney-form large leaves. (Aii ancient Latin name for 

 the common Marigold.) 



;/ 1. C. pallistris L. Stem hollow, furrowed, not creeping ; leaves round or 

 kidney-sliaped, either crcnate or dentate or nearly entire ; sepals broadly oval, 

 bright yellow. — Swamps and wet meadows, Nfd. to Sask., s. to S. C, Tenn., 

 and Neb. Apr.-June. Often called incorrectly Cowslips; used as a pot-herb 

 in spring, when coming into flower. (Eu.) Var. FLABELLir6LiA (Pursh) 

 T. & G. is a weak slender form (not creeping) , with open reniform leaves and 

 smaller flowers (2 cm. broad or less), occurring in cold mountain springs, N. Y. 

 to Md. Var. eadIcans (Forst.) Hartm. is a decumbent or procumbent form, 

 creeping at the base, usually more slender and smaller-flowered than the typi- 

 cal form. — Arctic Am. and (according to Rydberg) in swamps near Woodlawn 

 and W. Hampton, N. Y. (Boreal Eurasian 



2. C. njltans Pall. Stems commonly floating ; leaves ovate-renlform, thin, 

 subentire ; flowers small (1-1.2 cm. broad); sepals white or pinkish; carpels 

 numerous (3 mm. long), in a globose head. — In ponds or on muddy shores, 

 n. Minn., and northwestw. June-Sept. 



12. TR6lLIUS L. Globeplower 



Sepals 5-15, petal-like. Petals small, 1-lipped, the concavity near the base. 

 Stamens and pistils numerous. Pods 9 or more, many-seeded. — Smooth peren- 

 nials with palmateiy parted and cut leaves, like Banunculus, and large solitary 

 terminal flowers. (Name a latinization of Troll from TroUblume, the Germanic 

 vernacular designation. ) 



1. T. Idxus Salisb. (Spreadino G.) Leaves 5-7-parted ; pale greenish-yel- 

 low sepals 5-6, spreading ; petals 15-25, inconspicuous, much shorter than the 

 stamens. — Deep swamps, w. Ct. to Del., Pa., and Mich. ; Rocky Mts. May. 



13. c6pTIS Salisb. Goldthread 



Sepals 5-7, petal-like, deciduous. Petals 5-7, small, club-shaped, hollow at 

 the apex. Stamens 15-26. Pistils 3-7, on slender stalks. Pods divergent, 

 membranaceous, pointed with the style, 4-8-seeded. — Low smooth perennials, 

 with temately divided root-leaves, and small white flowers on scapes. (Name 

 from K6irTci.v, to cut, alluding to the divided leaves.) 



1. C. trifblia (L.) Salisb. Rootstocks of long bright yellow bitter fibers; 

 leaves evergreen, shining ; leaflets 8, obovate-wedge-form, sharply toothed, 

 obscurely 3-lobed ; scape naked, slender, 7-13 cm. high, 1 (rarely 2)-flowered. -> 



