438 CAPPARIDACEAE (CAPEa PAMItiY^ 



partly clasping by the heart-shaped base ; petals (bright white, 8 mm. long) the 

 length of the calyx; pedicels slender, spreading; pods spreading or ascending, 

 tipped with a distinct style. — Pa. to Minn, and southw. Apr., May. 



9. A. hirsfita (L.) Scop. Rough-hairy, sometimes smoothish, strictly erect; 

 stem-leaves oblong or lanceolate, entire or toothed, partly clasping by a some- 

 what arrow-shaped or heart-shaped base ; petals (greenish white) small, but 

 longer than the calyx ; pedicels and pods strictly upright; style scarcely any ; 

 immature seeds somewhat 2-rowed. — Gravelly shores and calcareous rocks, 

 especially northw. May, June. (Eu.) 



» » * Erect leafy-stemmed biennials (3-9 dm. high), with small whitish flowers, 

 recurved-spreading or pendulous flat pods (7-10 cm. long), and broadly 

 winged seeds, the funiculus adherent to the partition; root-leaves rarely 

 lyrate. 



10. A. laevigata (Muhl.) Poir. /S^mooift and glaucous, upright ; stem-leaves 

 partly clasping by the arrow-shaped base, lanceolate or linear, mostly toothed, 

 sometimes (var. laciniAta T. & G.) incised ; petals scarcely longer than the 

 calyx ; pods long and narrow, recurved-spreading on ascending or merely 

 spreading pedicels. — Rocky places, w. Me. to S. Dak. and southw. May. 



Var. Burkii Porter. Leaves narrower, those of the stem essentially entire, 

 not auricled at the base. — Dry hills. Pa. to Va. 



11. A. canadensis L. (Sickle-pod.) Stem upright, smooth above ; stem- 

 leaves pubescent, pointed at both ends, oblong-lanceolate, sessile, the lower 

 toothed ; petals twice the length of the calyx, oblong-linear ; pods very flat, 

 scythe-shaped (4 mm. wide), hanging on rough-hairy pedicels. — Rocky woods 

 and ravines, e. Mass. and Vt. to Ont., and southw. June-Aug. 



CAPPARIDACEAE (Caper Family) 



Herbs (when in northern regions) with cruciform flowers, but 6 or more not 

 tetradynamous stamens, a 1-celled pod with 2 parietal placentae, and Mdney- 

 ihaped seeds. — Pod as in Cruciferae, but with no partition ; seeds similar, but 

 the embryo coiled rather than foMed. Leaves alternate, mostly palmate. Often 

 with the acrid or pungent qualities of Cruciferae (as in capers, the flower-buds 

 of Oapparis spinosa). 



* Pod sessile or short-stiped ; stamens £-oo. 



1. Polanlsia. Petals subequal, emar^nate. 



* * Pod lODg-stiped ; stamens 6, 



2. Cleome. Stamens 6. Pod linear, many-seeded, lon^-stlpltate. 



I. POLANfSIA Raf. 



Petals with claws, notched at the apex. Stamens 8-32, unequal. Receptacle 

 not elongated, bearing a gland behind the base of the ovary. Pod linear or 

 oblong, veiny, turgid, many-seeded. — Fetid annuals, with glandular or clammy 

 hairs. Flowers in leafy racemes. (Name from ttoXi)-, many, and ivuros, unequal, 

 points in which the genus differs in its stamens from Cleome.) 



1. P. gravSolens Raf. Leaves with 3 oblong leaflets; stamens about 11, 

 aoarcely exceeding the petals ; style short ; pod slightly stipitate. — Gravelly 

 shores and banks, w. Que. to Chesapeake Bay, and westw. June-Aug. — 

 Flowers small (4-6 mm. long) ; calyx and filaments purplish ; petals yellowish 

 white. 



2. P. trachysp^rma T. & G. Flowers larger (8-10 mm. long); the stamens 

 (12-16) long-exserted ; style 4-6 mm. long ; pod sessile ; seeds usually rough, — 

 la. to Kan., southw. and westw. ; also by a stream, Salisbury, Ct. (^Mrs. Phelps, 

 Weatherby) , where probably introduced. 



