498 ROSACEAE (rose FAMILY) 



taper-pointed, serrate with incurved shprt and callous teeth, thiokish, shining 

 above ; racemes elongated ; petals obovate ; fruit purplish-black. — Woods, N. S. 

 to Fla. , w. to Dak. and Ariz. — Fruit slightly bitter, but with a pleasant vinous 

 flavor. 



2. P. virginijlna L. (Choke C.) A tall shrub or small tree, with grayish 

 bark, the inner layers with a rank disagreeable odor; leaves oval, oblong, or 

 obovate, abruptly pointed, very sharply (often doubly) serrate with slender 

 teeth, thin ; petals roundish ; fruit red turning to dark crimson, aUstere and 

 astringent ; stone smooth. — Nfd. to Ga., and westw. Var. LEucociRPA Wats., 

 with short dense racemes and sweeter yellowish fruit, has been found at 

 Dedham, Mass. 



§2. PRtJN6PH0RA (Neck.) Endl. Drupe smooth; the stone smooth or 

 somewhat rugged ; flowers (usually white) from separate lateral scaly buds 

 in early spring, preceding or developing with the leaves; pedicels few or 

 several in simple umbel-like clusters. 



3. P. pennsylvinica L. f. (Wild Red, Bird, Fire or Pin C.) Tree, 6-10 

 m. high, with light red-brown bark ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, pointed, finely and 

 sharply serrate, shining, green and smooth both sides; flowers many in a cluster, 

 on long pedicels ; fruit globose, light red, very small, with thin and sour flesh ; 

 stone globular. — Rocky woods and recent clearings, Lab. to B. C, s. to Pa., 

 Great L. region, oentr. la., and along the mts. to N. C, Tenn., and Col. 



4. P. alleghaniSnsis Porter. (Sloe.) A low straggling shrub or small tree 

 (1-5 m. high), .seldom thorny; leaves lanceolate to oblong-ovate, often long- 

 acuminate, finely and sharply serrate, softly pubescent when yonn^:, glabrale 

 with age ; fruit globose-ovoid, very dark purple, with a bloom, less than 12 mm. 

 in diameter ; stone turgid, a shallow groove on one side and a broad flat ridge 

 on the other. — Thickets, s. Ct. (Eames, Graves') to the Allegheny Mts. of I'a. 



5. P. . iNSTiTfriA L. (BuLLACE P.) Somswhat thorny; leaves obovate, 

 mostly obtusish at the apex and narrowed at base, sharply and somewhat 

 doubly serrate, soft-pubescent beneath ; fruit small, globular, black, with a 

 bloom. (P. spinosa, var. Gray.) — Roadsides and waste places, N. E. and 

 perhaps occasionally in the Middle States. (Adv. from Eurasia.) 



6. P. maritima Wang. (Beach I'.) Low and straggling (3-15 dm. high); 

 leaves ovate or oval, finely serrate, softly pubescent underneath ; pedicels short, 

 pubescent ; fruit globular, purple or crimson (rarely paler), with a bloom, 13-25 

 mm. in diameter ; the stone very turgid, acute on one edge, rounded and minutely 

 grooved on the other. — Sea^beaches, dunes, etc., s. Me. to Va. 



7. P. angustifblia Marsh. (Chickasaw P.) Scarcely thorny, 2-5 m high ; 

 leaves membranaceous, elliptic-lanceolate, finely serrulate, glabrous ; fruit glob- 

 ular, red, nearly destitute of bloom, thin-skinned, 12-16 mm. in diameter ; 

 the ovoid stone almost as thick as wide, rounded at both sutures, one of them 

 minutely grooved. (P. Chicasa Michx.) — Del. to Ela., and westw. to Tex. 

 and Kan. 



Var. Watsbni (Sarg.) Waugh. (Sand P.) Dwarf (1-1.3 m. high); stems 

 much branched and somewhat rigid ; leaves smaller and rather firm in texture ; 

 fruit small, red, thick-skinned. (P. Watsoni Sarg.) — Kan. and Neb. 



8. P. MA.HALEB L. (Perfdmed C.) Shrub or small tree (7 m. high), 

 glabrous or nearly so ; leaves ovate-orbicular, short-pointed or obtuse, slender- 

 petioled, crenulate-denticulate, glandular between the teeth ; flowers corymbose ; 

 fruit ovoid to subglobose, black or nearly so, 7-10 mm. long. — Roadsides, river- 

 banks, open woods, etc., spreading from cultivation, Ct. to Del., and westw. 

 (Introd. from s. Eu ) 



9. P. Gravftsii Small. Unarmed shrub, 1-1.3 m. high; leaves obovate- 

 orbicular, finely pubescent on both surfaces, serrate-dentate, rounded or even 

 retuse at the apex, 2-3 cm. in diameter ; flowers 1-3 in a fascicle, the pedicels 

 pubescent^ fruit globose, bluish-black, 12-15 mm. in diameter ; stone about 9 

 mm. long, subglobose but with one sharp edge. — Gravelly ridge, Groton, Ct. 

 (Graves.) 



10. P. cunellta Raf. Low erect shrub, obscurely puberulent to entirely 



