V^IOLACEAB Q VIOLET FAMILY^ 579 



■"■ ^-^ Smaller-flowered ; fruiting calyx narrower, ellipsoidal or pyriform^ 



7. L. Leggfittii Britlon & HoUiok. Slender, 3-5 dm. high, glabrate ; all 

 leaven lance-linear to narrowly linear, green ; panicle open, diffuse, ovoid- 

 pyraiuidal, the flowers often inclining to be seound-racemose ; fruiting calyx 

 obovoid or pyriform. {L. moniliformis Bioknell.) —Nantucket to Ind. and 

 southw. 



8. L. racemulbsa Lam. Erect, aoft-pubesoent when young, soon nearly 

 glabrous ; leaves of radical shoots oblong, the cauline oblong-linear, 1-2 cm. 

 long; inflorescence loose and diffuse; fruiting calyx glabrous, ellipsoidal.— 

 Dry and rocky soil, L. I. to Ky. and southw. 



VIOLACEAE (Violet Family) 



Herbs, with a somewhat irregular l-spurred or gibbous corolla of 5 petals, 

 5 hypogynous stamens with adnate introrse anthers conniving over the pistil, and 

 a l-celled 3-valved pod with 3 parietal placentae. Sepals 5, persistent. Petals 

 imbricated in the bud. Stamens with their short and broad filaments continued 

 beyond the anther-cells, and often coherent with each other. Style usually 

 club-shaped, with the simple stigma turned to one side. Valves of the capsule 

 bearing the several-seeded placentae on their middle ; after opening, each valve 

 as it dries folding together lengthwise firmly, projecting the seeds. Seeds 

 anatropous, with a hard seed-coat, and a large straight embryo nearly as long 

 as the albumen ; cotyledons flat. — Leaves alternate, with stipules. Flowers 

 axillary, nodding. 



1. Hybanthus. Sepals not auricled. Petals (in ours) equal In length. Stamens united into a 



sheath. 



2. Viola. Sepals auricled. Lower petal spurred. Stamens distinct, the two lower spurred. 



1. HYBAnTHUS Jacq. Gkeen Violet 



Petals nearly equal (or in extralimital species very unequal) in length, 

 but the lower one larger and gibbous or saccate at the base, more notched than 

 the others at the apex. Stamens (in ours) completely united into a sheath 

 inclosing the ovary, and bearing a broad gland on the lower side. Style hooked 

 at the summit. — Perennials, with stems leafy to the top, and 1-3 small greenish- 

 white flowers on short recurved axillary pedicels. (Name from ili/36s, hump- 

 backed, and &v8os, flower, from the dorsal gibbosity.) Calceolakia Loefl. 

 SoLEA Spreng. Ionidium Vent. Cubelidm Raf. 



1. H. c6ncolor (Forster) Spreng. Plant 4-8 dm. high ; leaves oblong, 

 pointed at both ends, entire ; pod 2 cm. long. (Solea Gingins ; Cubelium Raf.) — 

 Rich woods, moist ravines, etc., N. Y. to Mich., Kan., and southw. Fl. Apr.- 

 June ; fr. July. 



3. VtOLA [Tourn.] L. Violet. Heart's-easb 



Revised by E. Beainerd 



Petals somewhat unequal, the lower one spurred at the base. Stamens closely 

 surrounding the ovary, often slightly cohering with each other ; the two lower 

 bearing spurs which project Into the spur of the corolla. Besides these con- 

 spicuous blossoms, which appear in spring, others are produced later, on shorter 

 peduncles or on runners, often concealed under the leaves ; these never open 

 nor develop petals, but are fertilized in the bud and are far more fruitful than 

 the ordinary blossoms. — The closely allied species of the same section, when 

 growing together, often hybridize with each other, producing forms that are 

 confusing to the student not familiar with the specific types. The hybrids 



