VIOLACEAB (^VIOLET FAMILY) 



585 



§ 3 Style enlarged upward, abruptly capitate, beakless ; stigma within a small 

 orifice on the lower side of the summit (Fig. 808); petals yellow. 



30. V. rotundifblia Michx. (Rodnd-leaved or Earlt 

 Yellow V.) Kootstock stout, jagged with the persistent 

 bases of former leaves ; runuers short, usually without roots 

 or leaves, bearing 1-5 cleistogamous flowers, thus simulating 

 racemes ; leaves oval or round-cordate, obtuse, repand-crenu- 

 late, with short and narrow basal sinus, at flowering time 

 minutely pubescent, 2-3 cm. wide, in midsummer mostly 

 glabrous, 6-10 cm. wide, prostrate ; petals bright yellow, the 



808. T. rotundifolla. three lower with brown veins, the lateral bearded ; capsules 

 ovoid, 6-8 mm. long, closely dotted with purple ; seeds nearly 



white. — Cold woods, centr. Me. to s. w. Ont., 0., Pa., Del., and 



along the Alleghenies to n. Ga. Fig. 808. 



§ 4. Style not club-shaped nor capitate, ending in a small hook 

 pointing downward (Fig. 809); petals violet or sometimes 

 white. 



31. V. odorXta L. (English or Swept V.) Producing 



above ground leafy stolons ; leaves broadly cordate, finely pu- 

 bescent ; flowers very fragrant ; summer-capsules broadly ovoid, 

 angled, pubescent, purple ; seeds relatively large, cream -colored. 

 — Often cultivated, and occasionally spontaneous. (Introd. from 

 Eu.) Fig. 809. 809. T. odorata. 



n. Plants with leaet stems 



§ 5. Style capitate, heaJcless, bearded at the summit (Fig. 810); spur short; stip- 

 ules entire, the lower more or less scarious. 



Stems numerous, ascending, bearing leaves and flowers from near the 



„ hase 82. T. NuttalUi. 



Stems few, mostly erect, not leafy below. 

 Petals yellow. 

 Nearly glabrous ; stem-leaves halberd-shaped or narrowly heart-shaped 8.3. V. hastata. 

 Softly pubescent; root-leaves often -wanting; stem-leaves broad, often 



over 7 cm. wide 84. V. pubescent. 



Sparingly pubescent ; root-leaves usually 1-2 ; stem-leaves rarely over 7 



cm, wide 85. K scairiuecula. 



Petals white inside, outside tinged with violet 36. F". canadensis. 



32. V. Wuttdllii Pursh. Pubescent or nearly glabrous ; leaves ovate to 

 oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, entire or slightly crenate, tapering into margined 

 petioles; petals yellow, sometimes violet on the outside. — Prairies, Mo., N. 

 Dak., and westw. 



33. V. hastata Miohx. (Halbeed-leaved V.) Stem slender, 1-2.5 dm. 

 high, from a horizontal fleshy rootstock ; stem-leaves 2-4 near the summit, 

 halberd-shaped or oblong-heart-shaped, slightly serrate, acute ; stipules ovate, 

 small. — Woods, n. 0., mts. of Pa., and south w. 



34. V. pub6scens Ait. (Downy Yellow V.) Softly pubescent, 2-3.5 dm. 

 high ; stems often solitary ; leaves 2-4 near the summit (or occasionally a long- 

 petioled root-leaf), broadly ovate with cordate or truncate-decurrent base, 

 crenate-dentate, somewhat pointed ; stipules large, ovate-oblong ; petals purple- 

 veined, the lateral bearded ; sepals narrowly lanceolate, acute ; apetalous flowers 

 abundant in summer on short peduncles ; capsules ovoid, glabrous or woolly ; 

 seeds light brown, large, nearly 3 mm. long. — Dry rich woods, s. Me. to Ont., 

 Kan., and Md. 



35. V. scabriuscula Schwein. (Smooth Yellow V.) Similar to the preced- 

 ing, with which it intergrades ; the more pronounced forms have commonly 2-4 

 stems and 1-3 radical leaves from one rootstock, the stems shorter and mors 

 leafy, the leaves smaller and sparingly pubescent to glabrate, the time of flower- 



