610 



UMBBLLIFERAE (^PAKSLEY FAMILY_) 



head, and similar bractlets. {E. aquaticum L. 1762, In part, not L. 1753.) — 

 Ct. to Minn., Kan., Tex., and Fla. July-Sept. 



* * Tall and often stout; leaves thick, not parallel-veined. 



2. E. aquiticum L. Slender, 3-9 dm. liigh ; radical and lower stem-leaves 

 linear- to oblong-lanceolate, on long (sometimes 3 A\a.) fistulous petioles, enlire 

 or with small hooked teeth ; upper leaves sessile, spiny-toothed or laciniate ; 

 heads ovoid-ellipsoid, 1.2 cm. long, with reflexed bracts, and bractlets with .0 

 spiny cusps (the middle one largest). (^E. virginianum Lam.) — By ponds and 

 streams, N. J. to Fla. and Tex., near the coast. Aug., Sept. 



3. E. Leavenw6rthii T. & G. Stout, 4-9 dm. high ; lowest stem-leaves 

 broadly oblanceolate, spinosely toothed, the rest sessile and deeply and palmately 

 parted into narrow incisely pinnatifld spreading pungent segments; heads 

 ovoid-ellipsoid, 2.5-4 cm. long, with pinnatifld spinose bracts and 3-7-cuspidate 

 bractlets, the terminal ones very prominent and resembling the bracts. — Dry 

 soil, e. Kan., Ark., and Tex. 



» » » Prostrate and slender, rooting at the joints, diffusely branched, with small 

 thin unarmed leaves and very small heads. 



4. E. prostritum Nutt. Lower leaves oblong, entire, few-toothed, or lobed 

 at base ; upper leaves smaller, clustered at the rooting joints, ovate, few-toothed 

 or entire (oocasK)nally some additional trifid ones) ; reflexed bracts longer than 

 the ellipsoid heads (4-7 mm. long). — Wet places, s. Mo. to Fla. and Tex. 



2. SANfCULA [Tourn.] L. Sanici.e. Black Snakeroot 



Calyx-teeth manifest, persistent. Fruit globular ; the carpels not separating 

 spontaneously, ribless, thickly clothed with hooked prickles. — Perennial rather 

 tall glabrous herbs, with few palmately lobed or parted leaves, 

 those from the base long-petioled. Umbels irregular or com- 

 pound, the flowers (greenish or yellowish) capitate in the umbel- 

 lets, perfect, and with staminate ones intermixed. Involucre and 

 involucels few-leaved. (Name said to be from sanare, to heal ; 

 or perhaps from San Nicolas.) 



* Styles much exceeding the bristles of the fruit, recurved. 



1. S. marildndica L. Stem erect, 3-10 dm. high ; leaves 

 6-7-parted, the divisions sharply serrate, acute ; sterile flowers 

 pedicellate, often in separate umbels ; 

 316. S. marilan- fruit 6-7 mm. long, sessile. — Nfd. to 

 dica X 2. Ga. and w. to the Rooky Mts., common. 



Fig. 816. 

 2. S. gregiria Bicknell. Stem slender, 6 dm. high ; 

 leaves 5-foliolate ; leaflets obovate, 

 cleft and serrate ; fruit onlyS-4:(-b) 

 mm. long, somewhat stipitate. — 

 Rich woods, St. John Valley, N. B.; 

 s. N. H. to Minn., Ark., and Ga. 

 Fig. 816. 



* * Styles shorter than the bristles. 



3. S. canadensis L. Simple, 

 erect, 5-8 dm. high ; leaves 3-5- 

 f oliolate, leaflets narrowly obovate, 

 sharply serrate ; sterile flowers 

 few, short-pediceled ; fruit nearly 

 sessile, subglobose, 3-6 mm. long. 



— N. H. to Fla., Minn., Neb., and Tex., common. Fig. 

 817. 



4 S. trifoliita Bicknell. Similar in habit, the leaflets 



816. 8. gregarja x 4. 



canadensis x4. 



