746 KITBIACBAE (MADDER FAMILY) 



10. P. aristata Michx. Similar ; loosely hairy and green, or becoming gla^ 

 brous ; the naiTowly linear bracts 2-6 times as long as the flowers. (P. patagon- 

 ica, var. Gray.) — Dry plains and prairies, 111. to La., and westw.; naturalized 

 in sterile soil eastw. to the Atlantic. 



§ 2. Flowers subdioeeious or polygamo-cleistogamous ; the corolla in the fertile 

 {or mainly fertile) plant closed over the maturing capsule and forming a 

 kind of beak, and anthers not exserted; sterile flowers icith spreading corolla 

 and long-exserted filaments ; seeds mostly flat; small annuals or biennials. 



IL P. virginica L. Hairy or hoary-pubesoeiit, 0..5-4 dm. high; leaves ob- 

 long, varying to obovate and spatulate-lanceolate, 3-5-nerved, slightly or coarsely 

 and sparingly toothed ; spikes mostly dense, l-U cm. long ; fruiting calyx 1.5-2.5 

 mm. long ; mattire corolla slender-cylindric ; seeds usually 2, brown or yellow- 

 ish, 0.8-1.5 mm. long. — Sandy grounds, chiefly near the coast, R. I. to Tla. and 

 Tex.; inland in Miss, basin to s. Mich., 111., Mo., and Kan.; also on the Pacific 

 slope. (Mex.) 



12. P. KHODOSPERMA Dcnc. Similar to the preceding ; fruiting calyx 3-4 

 mm. long; mature corolla slender-conical; seeds reddish, 2.5-3 rmn. long. — 

 Dry prairies and open woods. La. to Ariz, and n. Mex.; adventive in Mo. 



13. P. elong&ta Pursh. Minutely pubescent, 3-16 cm. high ; leaves linear 

 to filiform, entire; capsule short-ovoid, i-seeded, little exceeding the calyx and 

 bract. (P. pusilla Nutt.) — Sandy soil, s. Mass. to Ga. ; and from 111. to Assina., 

 La., and westw. Apr.-Aug. 



14. P. heteroph^lla Nutt. Leaves rather fleshy, acute, entire, or some of 

 them 2-4-lobed or toothed below ; capsule slender-conoidal, W-H-seeded, nearly 

 twice the length of the calyx and bract. — Low sandy ground, N. J. to Fla., 

 Tex. , and Ark. Apr.-June. 



RUBlACEAE (Madder Family) 



Woody or herbaceous plants, with opposite entire leaves connected by inter- 

 posed stipules, or in whorls without apparent stipules, the calyx adherent to the 

 •2-i-ceUed ovary, the stamens as many as the lobes of the regular corolla (4-5), 

 and inserted on its tube. Flowers perfect, but often dimorphous (as in Mitchella 

 and. Hotistonia). Fruit various. Seeds anatropous or amphitropous. Embi-yo 

 commonly rather large, in copious hard albumen. — A very large family, the 

 greater part, and all its most important plants (such as the Coffee and Peruvian- 

 bark trees), tropical. 



iV. B. — The figures in this family are on a scale of f. 



Subfamily I. COFFEOfDEAE. Ovules solitary in the cells 



* Herbs. 

 4- Leaves in whorls. 



1. Shemrdia. Corolla fiinnel-form. Calyx-lobes lanceolate. Flowers subsessile, involucrate. 



2. Asperula. Corolla tubular-campanulate below. Calyx-lobes obsolete. Fruit as in Galium. 



3. Galium. Corolla wheel-shaped, 4(or rarely 8)-parted. Calyx-teeth obsolete. Fruit twin, 



separating into 2 indehiscent 1-seeded carpels. 



4- -f^ Leaves opposite. 

 ++ Flowers axillary, separate ; fruit dry when ripe. 



4. Spermacoce. Corolla funnel-form or salver-form ; lobes 4. Fruit separating when ripe intd 



2 carpels, one or both of them opening. 



5. Diodia. Fruit separating Into 2 or 8 closed and indehiscent carpels ; otherwise as no. 4. 



++ ++ Flowers twin ; their ovaries united into 1 ; fruit a 2-eyeil berry, 

 0. Hitchella. Corolla funnel-form ; its lobes 4. A creeping herb. 



* * Shrubs or trees. 

 t. Cephalantbus. Corolla tubular ; lobes 4. Fruit inversely pyramidal, 'J-l-secdei}. 



