748 BUBIACBAE (MADDER FAMILY) 



f. Flowers brigrht white, numerous, in a compact panicle; 



leaves linear-lanceolate . . . . . ■ . 13. (?. boreals. 

 e. Leaves mostly in 6'8 orS's ; flowers white, numerous, in leafy 

 panicles. 

 Leaves firm, linear or oblanceolate, rarely 2 cm. lonff. 

 Flowering branches and pedicels strongly divaricate . 14. O. Moll/ugo. 

 Flowering branches and pedicels mostly ascending . 15. G. erectum. 



Leaves thin, lanceolate, mostly 8-5 cm. long . . .16. O. syJ/vaticwm, 

 d. Matted, reclining, or ascending plants, usually with more or less 

 retrorsely scabrous stems or leaves h. 

 h. Fruit smooth or merely granulate-roughened *. 

 i. Leaves obtuse. 



Flowers several in a small dichotomous cyme ; the pedi- 

 cels horizontally spreading 11. G. palusire. 



Flowers solitary or in mostly simple cymes of 2-5 flowers. 



Corollas greenish-white, small (1.5 mm. or less broad), 



commonly with 3 obtuse lobes ; stems retrorse- 



scabrous. 



Flowers mostly solitary, on capiUary arcuate scabrous 



pedicels 18. 6^. iri/tdum. 



Flowers in 2'8 and S's ; pedicels straight, smooth . 19. G. Olaytoni. 

 Corollas white, 2-2.5 mm. broad, commonly with 4 acute 

 lobes ; stems mostly smooth. 

 Leaves chiefly ascending ; fruit 2.5-8.5 mm. in diam- 

 eter . 20. G. iinctorium. 



Leaves chiefly reflexed ; fruit 1-1.5 mm. in diameter 21, G. labradoricum. 

 t. Leaves acute or cuspidate. 



Leaves linear, slightly upward-scabrous on the margins . 22. G. concinnum. 

 Leaves lanceolate, retrorse-scabrous . . . . 23. 6^. asprellum. 



h. Fruit bristly 24. ff. triflorum. 



a. Fruit a berry ; leaves in 4's, 1-nerved . . .... 25. tf. hUpidulum. 



1. G. virgktum Nutt. . Slender and erect; stem 1-3 dm. high, simple or 

 branching from the base ; leaves mostly in 4's, thick, oblong or linear, 4-7 mm. 

 long ; flowers solitary, sessile, subtended by a pair of small bracteal leaves; fruit 

 uncinate-hispid. — Dry soil, Mo. to Tenn. and Tex. 



\^2. G. Aparine L. (Cleavers, Goose Grass.) Stem weak and reclining, 

 bristle-prickly backward, hairy at the joints ; leaves about 8 in a whorl, lanceo- 

 late, tapering to the base, short-pointed, rough on the margins and midrib, 

 2.5-7 cm. long ; peduncles l-S-flowered; flowers white ; fruit bristly, 3-4 mm. in 

 diameter. —Seashores, Que. to Fla., and in rich or shaded ground inland; per- 

 haps sometimes introd. (Eurasia.) 



Var. VailUntii (DC.) Koch. Smaller; the leaves less than 2.5 cm. long; 

 hispidulous fruit smaller, 1.5-2 mm. in diameter. (G. spurium L.) — Ont., 

 westw. and southwestw. 



3. G. tric6rne Stokes. Resembling no. 2, rather stout, with simple branches ; 

 leaves 6 or 8, oblanceolate, cuspidate-muoronate, the margins and stem retrorsely 

 prickly-hispid ; flowers mostly in clusters of 3, dull white ; fruits rather large, 

 tuberculate-granulate, not hairy, pendulous. — Ballast, local. (Adv. from Eu.'l 



4. G. PARisiENSE L. Slender, diffuse, 1-3 dm. high, glabrous ; leaves 5-7, 

 oblanceolate to nearly linear, 5-10 mm. long, their margins and the angles of the 

 stem spinulose-scabrous ; flowers rather few, cymulose on leafy branches, green- 

 ish-white, very small ; fruit glabrous, more or less tuberculate. {G. anglicum 

 Huds.) — Roadsides, Va. (Nat. from Eu.) 



5. G. v^RUM L. (Yellow B.) Stems smooth, erect ; leaves 8 or sometimes 

 6 in the whorls, linear, roughish, soon deflexed ; flowers yellow, very numerous, 

 densely paniculate, the lower branches of the panicle at anthesis much exceeding 

 the subtending leaves; fruit usually smooth. — Dry fields, Me. to N. J., Pa., and 

 Ont., local. (Nat. from Eu.) 



6. G. WiRToiiNii P. Sohultz. Similar to the preceding; flowers yellow, 

 slightly larger, 3 mm. in diameter ; the panicle long and interrupted, the lower 

 branches at anthesis shorter than or scarcely surpassing the subtending leaves. 

 — Established in meadows, Norfolk, Ct. (Miss Seymour). (Adv. from Eu.) 



7. G. pilbsum Ait. Hairy; leaves oval, dotted, hairy, 2-2.5 cm. long, the 

 lateral nerves obscure ; peduncles 2-S-forked, the flowers all pediceled. — Dry 

 copses, N. H. to Ont., Mich., 111., Kan., and southw. 



Var. puncticulbsum (Michx.) T. & G. Almost glabrous; leaves varying 

 to elliptical-oblong, hispidulous-cUiate. — N. J. to Va. and Tex. 



