VALEE.IANACEAB (VALERIAN FAMILY) 763 



K 15. V. rufidulum Raf. Similar; the wintei'-buds, vjing-margined petioles, and 

 loieer leaf-surfaces red-tomentose ; leaves often larger (4-9 cm. long). {V. rufo- 

 tomentosum Small.) — Woods and thickets, Va. to 111., Kan., and southw. 

 Apr., May. 



7. SAMBtCUS [Tourn.] L. Elder 



Calyx-lobes minute or obsolete. Corolla open-urn-shaped, with a broadly 

 spreading 5-cleft limb. Stamens 5. Stigmas 3. Fruit a berry-like juicy drupe, 

 containing 3 small seed-like nutlets. — Shrubby plants, with a rank smell when 

 bruised, pinnate leaves, serrate-pointed leaflets, and numerous small flowers in 

 compound cymes. (The Latin name, perhaps from (ro/i/Sii/cT;, an ancient musical 

 instrument. ) 



1. S. canadensis L. (Common E.) Stems scarcely woody, 1-4 m. high, with 

 white pith; leaflets 6-11, oblong, mostly smooth, the lower often 3-parted ; 

 cymes flat; flowers white; fruit black-purple. — Rich soil, in open places, 

 throughout our range, also southw. and westw. June, July. 



2. S. racemftsa L. (Red-eerrikd E.) Stems woody, 0.. 5-3.5 cm. high, the 

 bark warty, the pith brown; leaflets 5-7, ovate-lanceolate, downy underneath ; 

 cymes panicled, convex or pyramidal ; flowers yellowish-,white, sometimes tinged 

 with crimson; fruit bright red (rarely white). {8. pubens Miohx.) — Rocky 

 woods, Nfd. to B. C, s. to Ga. , Mich., la., Col., etc. May; fruit ripening 

 in June. (Eu.) Var. laoiniAta Koch. Leaflets divided into linear-lanceolate 

 or laciniate segments. — L. Superior and " Pa." 



8. AD6XA L. Moschatel 



Calyx-tube reaching not quite to the summit of the 3-5-celled ovary ; limb 

 of 3 or more teeth. Corolla wheel-shaped, 4-6-cleft, bearing at each sinus a 

 pair of separate or partly united stamens with 1-celled anthers. Style 3-5-parted. 

 Dry drupe greenish, with 3-5 cartilaginous nutlets. — A dwarf perennial, with 

 scaly rootstock and ternately divided leaves, the cauline a single pair. An 

 anomalous genus. (From liSo^os, obscure or insignificant.) 



1. A. Moschatfllina L. Smooth, musk-scented ; radical leaves 1-3-ternate, 

 the cauline 3-cleft or -S-parted ; leaflets obovate, 3-cleft ; flowers several in a 

 close cluster on a slender peduncle, greenish or yellowish. — Mossy woods, wet 

 rocks, etc., n. e. la.. Wise, Minn., and norlhw. June, July. (Eurasia.) 



VALERIANACEAE (Valehian Family) 



Herbs, with opposite leaves and no stipules ; the calyx-tube adherent to the 

 ovary, which has one fertile 1-ovuled cell and two abortive or empty ones ; the 

 stamens distinct, 1-3, fewer than' the lobes of the corolla, and inserted on its 

 tube. Corolla tubular or funnel-form, often irregular, mostly 5-lobed, the lobef 

 imbricated in the bud. Style slender ; stigmas 1-3. Fruit indehiscent, 1-celled 

 (the two empty cells of the ovary disappearing), or 3-ceIled, two of the cells 

 empty, the other 1-seeded. Seed suspended, anatropous, with a large embryo 

 and no albumen. Flowers in panicled or clustered cymes. — Roots often 

 odorous and antispasmodic. 



1. Valeriana. Calyx-Umb of several plumose bristles. Perennials, 



2. Valerianella. Calyx-limb entire or merely toothed. Annuals or biennials. 



1. VALERIANA [Tourn.] L. Valerian 



Calyx-limb of several plumose bristled (like a pappus) which are rolled up 

 inward in flower, but unroll and spread as the seed-like 1-oelled fruit matures. 

 Corolla commonly gibbous near the base, the 5-lobed limb nearly regular. Sta- 



