COMPOSITAE (composite FAMILY) 



829 



935. X. spinosum. 



1. X. spiN6snM L. Hoary-pubescent, armed at the axils 

 with triple spines ; stems slender ; leaves lanceolate or ovate- 

 lauceolate, short-petiolate, white-downy 

 beneath, often 2-3-lobed or -cut ; fruit 

 about 1 cm. long, with a single short beak 

 or beakless. — Waste places. Me. to Ont., 

 westw. and southw. (Nat. from Trop. 

 Am.) Fig. 085. 

 2. X. canadfinse Mill. Leaves broadly ovate, cordate, 

 usually 3-lobed and simply or doubly dentate ; burs gla- 

 brous or merely granular- or glandular-puberulent ; the 

 body fusiform-ellipsoid, 14-17 mm. long, 5-8 mm. in 

 diameter ; the bealcs usually 2, straight 

 or but slightly curved ; prickles scat- 

 tered, straight-tipped or hooked. (X. 

 pensylvanicum Wallr. ? ; X. pungens 

 Wallr. ; X. glabraiumBTitton.) — liich 

 soil, especially in moist places. Tig. 986. x. cajmdense. 

 986. 



3. X. commune Britten. Similar in habit and foliage ; 

 beaks of the bur more or less strongly incurved, usually 

 hooked at the smnmit ; prickles numerous, crowded, 3-6 mm. 

 long, hooked at the sumniit, hairy as is the body. — Similar 

 situations. Tig. 987. 



4. X. specibsum Kearney. 

 Of the same habit, foliage, 

 etc. ; btir with numerous 

 long (8-10 mm.) filiform 



usually stramineous and very hairy prickles; 



beaks moderately incurved and hooked. — Waste 



places and low moist gi-ound, Tenn. to N. ])ak. 



and Tex.; also sparingly adventive on ■wool- 

 waste, etc., eastw. Fig. 088. 



5. X. infl^xum Mackenzie & Bush. Habit, 



foliage, etc., as in the three preceding species ; 



bur large, the body 2 cm. long, C-7 mm. thick, 



ovoid-fusiform, merely granular-puberulent ; 

 beaks 2, very strongly 

 incurved, often forming 

 a loop or arch over the 

 fruit; prickles numerous 

 but less crowded than in 

 the preceding, firm in 

 texture, brownish, arcu- 

 ate, hooked at the summit, granular-puberulent, at least 

 toward the base. — Bottom lands, Courtney, Mo. (Bush). 



6. X. echinatum Murr. Of the same habit, etc.; burs 

 plumper ; the body thickish-ovoid, 15-22 mm. long, 8-12 

 nim. thick, for the most part densely pubescent as are also 

 the numerous short rigid hooked prickles and stout falcate- 

 incurved beaks. (X. canadense, var. Gray.) — Sea- 

 beaches, lake-shores, etc., Me. toN. C, andwestw. chiefly 

 X echinatum. along the Great Lakes to N. Dak. and Sask. Tig. 9^9. 



T. X. commune. 



speciosum. 



43. HELI6PSIS Pers. Ox-ete 



■fleads many-flowered ; rays 10 or more, fertile. Involuoral bracts in 2 or 3 

 -rnw-! nearly equal ; the outer leaf-like and somewhat, spreading, the inner shorter 

 than 'the disk. Receptacle conical; ohafi linear. Aohenes smooth, thick, i- 



