COMPOSITAE (COMPOSITE FAMILY) 833 



idventive eastw. June, July — The receptacle exhales a pleasant anisate odor 

 when bruised. 



I»=fl t^k ?,°'^™n^"s (Sims) T. &. G. Branching from base, 3-8 dm. high ; 

 leanets 5-J, oblong to narrowly linear, entire or 2-3-olgft ; disk columnar, often 

 a cm. long or more ; ray as long or shorter, yellow or (var. pulcherkima 

 1. & Lr.; in part or wholly brown-purple. (Hatibida D. Don.) — Minn, to 

 Ajma. and. J ex. ; also established near Ottawa, Ont. (according to J. M. 



49. SPILAnTHES Jacq. 



Heads small, many-flowered ; rays, when present, fertile. Involucral bracts 

 lew, loose. Receptacle elongated, columnar; chaff eonduplicate, enwrapping 

 tne achenes. Eay-achenes 3-angled or obcompressed ; disk-achenes somewhat 

 compressed, with acute margins continued into setiform awns, or the pappus 

 none. -- blender spreading or depressed herbs with opposite leaves and ovoid- 

 conical pedunculate heads. Bays yellow or white. (Name from ,nrt\o,, a stain, 

 and dfOos, flower.) 



1. S. americana (Mutis) Hieronymus, var. repens (Walt.) A. H. Moore 

 I ubescent or glabrous, decumbent or loosely ascending ; leaves elliptic-ovate to 

 lanceolate, 2-9 cm. long, petioled, strongly but equally toothed ; peduncles 3-12 

 cm. long ; heads 9-16 nam. In length. (,S'. repens Michx.) — Low moist places. 

 Mo. toS. C, Fla., andTex. / f , 



60. BORRfCHIA Adans. Sea Ox-etb 



_ Heads many-flowered ; rays fertile. Bracts of the hemispherical involucre 

 imbricated. Receptacle flat, covered with lanceolate rigid and persistent chaff. 

 Achenes somewhat wedge-shaped, 3-4-angled ; pappus a short 4-loothed crown. 

 — Shrubby low maritime plants, coriaceous or fleshy, with opposite nearly 

 entire leaves, and solitary peduncled terminal heads of yellow flowers ; anthers 

 blackish. (Named for Olof Borrich, a Danish botanist.) 



1. ^B. frutfiscens (L.) DC. Whitened with a minute silky pubescence, 0.2-1 

 m. high ; leaves obovate to spatulate-oblong or lanceolate, often toothed near 

 the base ; chaff rigidly pointed. — Salt-marshes, Va., and southw. 



51. HELiAnTHTJS L. Sdnfloweu 



Heads many-flowered ; rays several or many, neutral. Involucre imbricated, 

 herbaceous or foliaceous. Receptacle flat or convex ; the persistent chaff embrac- 

 ing the 4-sided and laterally compressed smooth achenes, which are neither 

 winged nor margined. Pappus very deciduous, of 2 thin chaffy scales on the prin- 

 cipal angles, and sometimes 2 or more small intermediate scales. — Coarse and 

 stout herbs, with solitary or oorymbed heads, and yellow rays ; flowering toward 

 autumn. (Named from <)\ios, the sun, and Mo^, a flower.) 



§ 1. Annuals; leaves mostly alternate, petiolate ; receptacle flat ; disk brownish. 

 1. H. dnnuus L. (Common S.) Tall, rough; leaves triple-ribbed, ovate or 

 the lower cordate, serrate ; involucral bracts -broadly ovate to oblong, long- 

 pointed, ciliate ; disk ■usually 2.5 cm. broad or more. — Rich soil, Minn, to Tex., 

 and westw. ; long cultivated, and occasionally found in waste grounds eastw. 



2. H. petiolaris Nutt. More slender, 0.3-2 m. high ; leaves oblong- or ovate- 

 lanceolate, smaller (2.5-8 cm. long), mostly entire ; bracts lanceolate or oblong- 

 lanceolate, seldom ciliate; disk about 1.5 cm. broad. — Minn, to Man., Tex., 

 and westw. ; occasionally in waste places, etc., eastw. 



§2. Perennials; receptacle convex or at length low-conical ; lower leaves usually 



opposite, 



* Involucral bracts loose, becoming squarrose, narrowly lanceolate, pointed, 

 1-1.5 cm. long ; disk usually purple or brownish; leaves linear, 1-nerved. 



3. H. orgyHlis DC. Stem glabrous, tall, very leafy ; leaves mostly alternate, 



GRAr's MANUd.i« — 53 



