COMPOSITAB (composite FAMILY) 851 



76. ARNICA L. 



Heads many-flowered ; rays pistillate. Bracts of the bell-shaped involucre 

 lanceolate, equal, somewhat In 2 rows. Receptacle fla.t, flmbrillate. Achenes 

 slender or spindle-shaped ; pappus a single row of rather rigid and strongly 

 roughened-denticulate bristles. — Perennial herbs (chiefly of mountains and cold 

 northern regions), with simple stems, bearing single or corymbed large heads 

 and opposite leaves. Flowers yellow. (Name thought to be a. corruption of 

 Ptarmica. ) 



* Basal leaves petioled ; stem leafy. 



H- Basal leaves tapemig to the petiole. 



++ Pappus harbellate, bright white. 



1. A. chionopippa Fernald. Stem 0.7-3.5 dm. high, villous with flat white 

 \airs; leaves 3-5 pairs, lanceolate to narroioly ovate, mostly confined to the 

 lower half of the stem, the basal on very long sh^nder petioles ; the lower cauline 

 petioled, the upper sessile and much reduced; heads 1-3, :',-4 cm. broad ; invo- 

 lucre villo^is, the linear- or lance-attenuate bracts 7-10 mm. long; achenes 

 3.5-5 mm. long, densely setulose ; pappus in fruit 5-6.5 mm. long. — Cold lime- 

 stone cliffs and ledges, e. Que. and n. N. B. June, July. 



** ++ Pappus plumose, sordid. 



2. A. m611is Hook. Stem 1.5-7 dm. high, more or less crisp-villous through- 

 out, somewhat glandular above ; leaves oblanceolate to ovate, the basal slender- 

 petioled ; the cauline (3-5 pairs) mostly sessile, 0.3-1.5 dm. long, the upper- 

 most only slightly smaller; heads 1-9, on short (3-12 cm. long) naked "or 

 rarely bracted glandular-villous peduncles, 4-6 cm. broad ; involucre glandular 

 and villous, its lance-attenuate often purple-tipped bracts 1-1.6 cm. long ; achenes 

 hirsute, 4-5 mm. long, shorter than the plumose yellow-brown or olive-tinged 

 pappus. (A. Chamissonis Man., ed. 6, not Less.; A. lanceolata Nutt.) — Banks 

 of streams, e. Que. to B. C, s. to the mts. of Me. and N. H., Col., and Cal. 

 June-Aug. 



Var. petiolaris Fernald. Leaves narrow, oblanceolate, all but the very 

 uppermost tapering to slender petioles; heads 3-4 cm. broad; involucral bracts 

 scarcely 1 cm. long. — By alpine brooks. Me., N. H., and n. N. Y. 



-1- -1- Basal leaves rounded or cordate at base. 



3. A. cordifblia Hook. Stem 1.5-6 dm. high, more or less villous throughout, 

 glandular above ; basal and lower oatdine leaves ovate, coarsely dentate, slender- 

 petioled, upper short-petioled or subsesslle ; heads 1-8, slender-peduncled , 5-7 

 cm. broad ; involucre villous, especially at base ; bracts lanceolate to oblong, 

 acuminate, 1.3-2 cm. long ; rays about 15 ; achenes hirsute ; pappus white, 

 barbellate. — Very local, n. Mich. ; Yukon to S. D. , Col. , Utah, and Cal. 



* * Basal leaves rosulate, broad and sessile; stem-leaves remote and small. 



ly^ i. A. acaulis (Walt.) BSP. Hairy and rather glandular, 1 m. or less in 



hejo-ht ; leaves thickish, -^-b-nerved, ovate or oblong ; heads several, corymbed, 



showy. {A. nudicaulis Nutt.) — Damp pine barrens, Del., s. Pa., and southw. 



May, June. 



77. ERECHTtTES Baf. Fibeweed 



Heads many-flowered ; the flowers all tubular and fertile ; the marginal 

 pistillate, with a slender corolla. Bracts of the cylindrical involucre in a single 

 row linear, acute, with a few small bractlets at the base. Receptacle naked. 

 Achenes oblong, tapering at the end ; pappus copious, of very fine and white 

 soft hairs. — Erect and coarse annuals, of rank smell, with alternate simple 

 leaves and paniculate-corymbed heads of whitish flowers. (The ancient name 

 of some species of Groundsel, probably called after Erechtheus.) 



1. E. hieracifblia (L.) Raf. Often hairy; stem grooved, 0.3 to 3 m. high ; 



