856 COMPOSITAB (composite family^) 



lucre glabrous ; bracts straightish, lance- to linear-attenuate. (A. Lappa, var. 

 niajus Gray; A. majus Bernh.) — Roadsides and waste places, N. B., N. E., 

 and probably weslw. (Nat. from Eu.) 



2. A. M^NLS Bernh. (Common B.) Heads racemose or subracemose, 1.6-3 

 cm. broad; involucre glabrous or arachnoid; bracts shorter, more slender and 

 more arcuate than in the preceding. (A. Lappa, var. Gray.) — Similar situa- 

 tions, too common throughout our range except on the northeastern borders 

 where largely replaced by the preceding. — Including A. Lappa, var. tomen- 

 tosum Gray, a form differing only in its more or less arachnoid involucre, and 

 apparently less marked or characteristic than the European A. tomentosum Mill. 

 (Nat. from Eu.) 



81. ECHINOPS L. Globe Thistle 



Heads 1-flowered, many, aggregated in dense globular capitate clusters, the 

 common involucre of small reflexed bracts. Proper involucres cylindrical, of 

 several series of unequal imbricated spinescent paleaceous bracts ; corollas with 

 slender tube and cylindric 6-parted limb. Filaments glabrous. Aohenes cylin- 

 drical or somewhat tetragonal ; pappus coroniforni or of many short distinct or 

 connate subpaleaceous bristles. — Stately thistle-like herbs, with alternate spinose 

 pinnatifid or dentate leaves, and large globose terminal (compound) heads of 

 whitish or bluish flowers. (Name from ^x''"'") hedgehog, and di/'is, appearance, 

 from the bristly nature of the armed foliage or perhaps of the spreading indi- 

 vidual heads in the dense spherical glomerules.) 



1. E. SPHAEROCEPHALUS L. Tall, 1-2 m. high, grayish- or whlte-araohnoid 

 on the stem and lower surface of leaves. — Frequent in cultivation and not rare 

 as an escape upon waste-heaps, etc. (Introd. from Eu.) 



82. CARDtnjS [Tourn.] L. Plumeless Thistle 



Bristles of the pappus naked (not plumose), merely rough or denticulate. — 

 Jjeaves conspicuously decurrent, spiny ; wings of stem spiny. Otherwise as in 

 Oirsium. (The ancient Latin nami'.) 



* Heads large, nodding, solitary on long nearly naked peduncles ; involucre 



3-4 cm. in diameter. 



1. C. NtJTANS L. (Musk Thistle.) Biennial ; heads solitary, hemispherical, 

 3-5 cm. broad ; bracts lanceolate, the outer reflexed; flowers purple. — Fields 

 near Harrisburg, Pa. ; also pastures, waste places, and ballast, n. to N. B. and 

 Que. June-Oct. (Nat. from Eu.) 



* * Heads smaller, chiefly clustered at the ends of winged branches ; involucre 



1-2.6 cm. in diameter. 



2. C. acanthoIdes L. Annual or biennial ; involucre hemispherical, 1.6-2.5 

 cm. broad; bracts linear, the outer somewhat herbaceous and spreading ; flowers 

 rose-purple ; corollas about 18 mm. long. — Waste places and ballast, N. S. to 

 N. J. June-Aug. (Adv. from Eu.) 



3. C. CRfspus L. Annual or biennial ; heads mostly clustered and sessile or 

 nearly so; involucre ovoid, 1-1.3 cm. broad- bracts linear-attenuate, the outer 

 rather rigid, hardly spreading ; flowere purple or white ; corollas about 1-1 mm. 

 long. — Roadsides, Sydnejt, Cape Breton ; Philadelphia, Pa. ; and St. Louis, Mo. 

 Aug.-Sept. (Adv. from Eu.) 



83. CfRSIUM [Tourn.] Hill. Common or Plombd Thistle 



Heads many-flowered ; flowers all tubular, perfect and similar, rarely imper- 

 fectly dioecious. Bracts of the ovoid or spherical involucre imbricated in many 

 rows, tipped with a point or pricMe. Receptacle thickly clothed with soft 

 bristles f)r hairs. Achenes oblong, flattish, not ribbed ; pappus of numerous 

 t)ristles united into a ring at the base, plumose to the middle, deciduous..^ 



