COMP(JSITAK (composite FAMILY) 859 



cliififly plane and nncut, or the lowest sllffhtly pinnatifid. — Local, Que., N. E., 

 .■^"'1 N. Y. (Nat. from Ku.) ■ » ^ ^ . -^ ' 



■<- -f- At least the lower leaves strongly decicrrent. 



14. C. PALUSTEE (L.) Scop. 'VM, not stoloniferoiis ; stem armed throughout 

 ny the prickly decurrent wings which extend down from the very long linear or 

 linear-lanceolate more or less pinnatifid spinose-oiliate leaves; heads resembling 

 tliose of no. 13, but in denser glomerulate clusters, hermaphrodite. — Tlioroughly 

 naturalized in woods, East Andover, N. H. ((?. W. Holt). (Nat. fron( Eu.) 



16. C. cXnum (L.) Bicb. Boots fusiform ; lower leaves very long, lanceo- 

 late, toothed or sliglitly pinnatifid, green on both sides, their bases decurrent as 

 ciliate wings along the stem; upper leaves sessile; heads comparatively large, 

 hemispherical, on long peduncles. — Established at Kendal Green, Mass. (Miss 

 Parsons). (Adv. from Eu.) 



84. 0N0p6RDUM [Vaill,] L. Cotton or ScoTcn Thistle 



^ Receptacle deeply honey-combed, not setose. Pappus not plumose. Other- 

 wise as Girsium. — Coarse branching annuals or biennials, with the stems 

 winged by the decurrent bases of the lobed and toothed somewhat prickly leaves. 

 Heads large ; flowers purple. (Latinized from the ancient Greek name of the 

 plant.) 



1. 0. AcAnthium L. Stem (1-3 m. high) and leaves cotton-woolly; scales 

 linear-awl-shaped. — Roadsides and waste places, N. B. and N. S. to Ont., s. to 

 N. J. and Mich., rather rare. July-Sept. (Nat. from Eu.) 



85. SILYBtTM [VaUl.] Adans. Milk Thistle 



Heads many-flowered ; flowers all alike, tubular, perfect, fertile, involucre 

 large, depressed-globose ; the bracts large, prickly, the broadly ovate base 

 gradually or rather abruptly contracted to a straightish rigid spreading or 

 reflexed herbaceous but indurated and pungent tip. Receptacle flattish, densely 

 bristly. Achenes glabrous ; pappus of numerous flattish harbellate bristles 

 united into a ring at the base and deciduous together. — Thistle-like tall stout 

 prickly herbs with sinuate-lobed or pinnatifid mottled leaves and large solitary 

 heads of purple flowers. (Derived from (jtXv^os, the ancient Greek name of an 

 edible-stemmed thistle. ) 



1. S. mariXnum (L.) Gaertn. (Lady's Thistle.) Stout and nearly gla- 

 brous annual or biennial, with large mottled amplexicaal leaves variously lobed 

 and prickly on the margin. (Mariana Hill.) — An occasional escape from gar- 

 dens, or weed on ballast and waste grounds. (Introd. from s. Eu.) 



86. CENTAUREA L. Stak Thistle 



Heads many-flowered ; flowers all tubular, the marginal often much larger 

 (as it were radiate) and sterile. Receptacle bristly. Involucre ovoid or globose, 

 imbricated ; the bracts margined or appendaged. Achenes obovoid or oblong, 

 compressed or 4-angled, attached obliquely at or near the base ; pappus setose 

 or partly chaffy, or none. — Herbs witli alternate leaves ; the single heads rarely 

 yellow. (KevTavplri, an ancient Greek plant-name, poetically associated with 

 Chiron, the Centaur, but without wholly satisfactory explanation.) 



Sraets of the Involucre (or at least the outer ones) terminated by a definite 

 elongate rigid spine; annuals. 



Stems not winged . . ■ . . . 1.0. Calcitrapa. 



Stems winffed. 

 Spines of the inTolucrc stout, straw-colored, 12-18 mm. long ... 2. O. aolsiUialis. 

 Spines of the involucre slender, purplish, 6-9 mm. long . . . . Z. C. melitenais. 

 Bracts not spinose-tipped, or merely with short firm tip hardly longer than 

 the lateral teeth, cilia, or fringe. 

 Bracts entire or merely with irregularly denticulate or lacerated (not regu- 

 larly toothed or pectinate) margin 4. (7. Jacea. 



