COMPOSITAB (composite FAMILY) 



861 



7- C. nIgra L. (Knapweed, Spanish Buttons.) Rather harsh somewhat 

 branched plants with reduced leaves extending nearly or quite to the heads, 

 involucre subglobose ; the appendages of the bracts hirtellous, 

 blackish (rarely tawiiy^ ; the outermost and middle ones lance- 

 deltoid and very deeply pectinale-ciliate ; the mnermost ovate 

 or orbicular, paler and in'egularly lacerate ; corollas rose- 

 purple, all tubular. — Fields and roadsides, locally abundant, 

 N£d. and Que. to N. J. July-Sept. (Nat. from i:u.) Fig. 1012. 

 Var. KADiiTA DC. Involucre tawny (rarely blackish) ; 

 outer flowers falsely radiate. — N. S. to Ont. and Pa. (Nat. 

 from Eu.) 

 C. americ^na Nutt. Tall and smoothish (0.5-1.6 m. high); stems con- 



1013. C. nigra. 

 Involucre and bract 



8. 



spicuoitsly thickened below the showy heads; leaves oblong-lanceolate, mostly 

 entire; bracts all with conspicuously fringed scarious appendages, the outer- 

 most and middle with spreading, the elongate innermost with ascending, teeth; 

 corollas rose-purple to flesh-pink, the outer conspicuously enlarged. — Plains, 

 Mo., southw. and southwestw. May-Aug. 



9. C. macul6sa Lam. Pubescent or glabrate, with ascending rather wiry- 

 branches ; involucre ovoid-campanulate, in fruit becoming open-campanulate ; 

 the outer and middle ovate bracts with rather firm points and with 5-7 pairs of 

 cilia at the dark tip ; innermost bracts elongate, entire or 

 lacerate ; coroUas whitish, rose-pink, or purplish, the marghial 

 falsely radiate. — Waste places, roadsides, etc. , N. E. to N. J. 

 (Adv. from Eu.) 



10. C. vocHiNENSis Bemh. Harsh, somewhat resembling 

 no. 7 ; involucre of several very unequal series ; the outer- 

 most bracts deltoid or ovate, short, the dark pointed tip bear- 

 ing 5-7 pairs of long cilia ; middle bracts elongate-lanceolate, 

 tertninated by a dilated ovate or orbicular dark pectinate 

 appendage ; innermost bracts elongate, with dark or brightly 

 colored erose or lacerate appendage ; corollas rose-purple, the marginal falsely 

 radiate. — Fields and roadsides, locaJ, N. B. to Ont. (Nat. from Eu.) Fig. 

 1013. 



1013. C. vocliinensis. 

 Involucre and bract 



87. CNiCUS L. Blessed Thistle 



Heads many-flowered ; flowers all tubular, the marginal sterile, shorter than 

 the others, which are perfect and fertile. Bracts of the ovoid involucre coria- 

 ceous, appressed, extended into a long and rigid spinous appendage. Recepta- 

 cle clothed with capillary bristles. Achenes terete, short, strongly many-striate, 

 crowned with 10 short and horny teeth and bearing 10 elongated rigid bristles, 

 also 10 shorter alternating ones in an inner row. — An annual somewhat 

 pubescent herb, with scarcely pinnatifld-cut but spinescent leaves and large 

 leafy-bracted heads of yellow flowers. (Latin name of the Safflower, from the 

 Greek kptjkos.) , ,■ •. , 



1. C. BENEDfcTDS L. (^Oentaureo Jj.) — Roadsides and waste places, rare, 

 N. B. and N. S. to Pa., and southw. (Adv. from Eu.) 



88. lAPSANA L. Nipple-wort 



Heads 8-12-flowered. Bracts of the cylindrical involucre 8, erect; a short 

 outer series also present. Receptacle naked. Achenes oblong ; pappus none.— 

 Slender branching annuals, with angled or toothed leaves, and loosely panicled 

 small heads ; flowers yellow. (The Xa/i^pdvi] of Dioscorides was evidently a 

 wild Mustard.) Lampsana Hill. 



1. L. coMMtNis L. Nearly smooth, 3-8 dm. high ; lower leaves ovate, some- 

 times lyre-shaped. — Roadsides and waste places. Que. to Pa., and Mich. (Nat. 

 from Eu.) 



