COMPOSITAE (COMPOSITE FAMILY) 863 



§3. CYNTHIA (D. Don) Gray. Involucre of the preceding section; achenes 

 more slender; pappus of 10-15 smull oUung scales and 15-20 bristles; 

 perennial. 



3. K. Danddlion (L.) Nutt. Boots slender, tuberiferous ; scapes leafless, 

 1.5-5 dm. high ; leaves varying from spatulate-oblong to linear-lanceolate, entire 

 or few-lobed. {Adopogon Ktze.)— Moist ground, Md. to Kan., and southw. 

 March-July. 



4. K. amplexicaulis Nutt. (Cynthia.) iioois^ftrous; stem 1-6 dm. high; 

 stem-leaves 1-3, oDlong or oval, clasping, mostly entire ; the radical ones on 

 short winged petioles, often toothed, rarely pinnatifld ; peduncles 2-5. (Adopo- 

 gon virginicum Ktze.) — Moist banl«, Mass. to Ont., Man., and southw. May- 

 Aug. 



93. HYPOCHAERIS L. Cat's-eak 



Similar to Leontodon, but at least the inner achenes produced into long slen- 

 der beaks. Receptacle chaffy. — Old World and South American herbs, with 

 bracteate slightly branching scapes and yellow flowers. (A name used by 

 Theophrastus for this or a related genus.) 



1. H. kadicIta L. Perennial; leaves hirsute; scapes 2-i dm. high, stout; 

 heads 2.5-4 cm. broad; achenes all beaked. — Fields, waste places, and on bal- 

 last, Mass. to N. J. and Ont. {Morton). (Nat from Eu.) 



2. H. GLABRA li. Slender, glabrous, with smaller heads ; outer achenes 

 truncate. —S-p&imgly in grassland in Me. and 0.; naturalized in Cal. (Adv. 

 from Eu.) 



94. LE6nT0D0N L. Hawkbit 



Heads many-flowered. Involucre scarcely imbricated, but with several bract- 

 lets at the base. Achenes spindle-shaped, striate, all alike ; pappus persistent, 

 composed of plumose bristles which are enlarged and flattened toward the base, 

 with sometimes an outer paleaceous crown. Receptacle not chaffy. — Low and 

 stemless perennials, with toothed or pinnatifld basal leaves, and scapes bearing 

 one or more yellow heads. (Name from \4wi/, a lion, and odois, a tooth, in 

 allusion to the toothed leaves.) 



* Scape simple or branching, scaly-bracteate above; heads before anthesis 

 erect; pappus a single row of plumose bristles. 



1. L. autumnXus L. (Fall Dandelion, "Aknica.") Leaves laciniate- 

 toothed or pinnatifld, somewhat pubescent ; scape commonly forking, 1-6 dm. 

 high ; peduncles thickened at summit, scaly-bracteate (rarely leafy) ; involucre 

 glabrous or slightly pubescent ; tawny pappus a row of equal bristles. — Fields 

 and roadsides, Nfd. to w. Ont., Mich., and Pa. Late May-Nov. — A frequent 

 teratological or pathological form has greenish-yellow heads without ligules. 

 (Nat. from Eu.) 



Var. pRATENSis (Link) Koch. Usually larger; involucre and tips of pe- 

 duncles densely soft-pubescent with blackish hairs. — Often more abundant 

 than the typical form. (Nat. from Eu.) 



** Scape simple and naked; heads before anthesis nodding; pappus of two 



kinds. 



+- Pappus similar in all the flowers, the outer a feio short setae, the irmer a rom 

 of plumose bristles with dilated bases. 



2. L. hastIlis L. Rather stout, glabrous throughout ; leaves oblong-lanoeo- 

 late, dentate or pinnatifld ; scape 2-7 dai. high, thickened upward ; heads rather 

 large; involucre 11-14 mm. long, its smooth lanceolate bracts lead-colored. -^ 

 Fields, local, Ct. to O. (Adv. from Eu.) 



Var. vulgaris Koch. Leaves, scape, and involucre bristly-hispid, (i. 

 hispidus L.) — Fields and waste places, R. I. to Ont. and s. N. Y. (Adv. 

 from Eu.) 



