34 



or from the Secretaries of many of the County and District 

 Bee-Keepers' Associations) will set off the honey jar and make 

 it more attractive. The darker honey is more suitable for 

 marketing in its granulated state; when extracted and strained 

 it should be run into wide-mouthed glass or earthenware jars, 

 covered down with parchment paper, and stared in a cool, 

 dry place. Dark and coarse-flavoured varieties may also be 

 sold for manufacturing confectionery and for medicinal pur- 

 poses, or for the making of mead and honey vinegar. 



For transit the same kind of box as that used for sections 

 can be used. Each jar should be well wrapped in newspaper 

 and then packed as illustrated (Fig. 1.) For an odd dozen a 

 box with square cardboard containers and a spring bottom 

 (Fig. 5) can be used. 



Honey designed for sale in bulk should be put into 28 lb. 

 lever top tins. For transit oases to hold two of these tins are 

 made (Fig. 3). These are convenient to handle and simplify 

 the making up of any consignment from -J cwt. to tons. If a 

 family trade is cultivated, 7 or 14 lb. lever top tins can be used. 



FOUL BKOOD. 



DeEcription. — Foul brood is a disease affecting bees which 

 spreads so rapidly by contagion thait, in a single season, unless 

 precautions are taken, the colonies in a whole neighbourhood 

 may become affected, and the chances of successful bee-keeping 

 therein will be seriously imperilled, if niot utterly destroyed. 



Two forms of foul brood have long been known to exist in 

 Europe, a virulent or strong smelling, and an odomrless form. 

 A third type has recently been" added; this is called Scmr brood, 

 ■and it has usually been found associated with the strong smell- 

 ing type. In the first two forms of foul brood, microscopic rod- 

 shaped bacilli are present ; these bacilli increase by oross- 

 division, and have, under certain conditions, the power of 

 fanning spores. It is important to note that baoilh are present 

 in the earlier stages of the disease, but in the later stages, when 

 the brood has become rotten and coffee-coloured, or has dried up 

 to a scale, the bacilli produce spores and then perish. These 

 spores represent the seeds of the evil ; they constitute a resting 

 resistant stage tiding the bacterium over unfavourable condi- 

 tions, and are capable on the return to favourable conditions 

 as regards food, temperature, &c., of giving rise to the growing 

 form of the bacillus. 



The spores are endowed with wonderful vitality. Freezing, 

 carbolic acid, thymol, salicylic acid, beta naphthol, perchloride 

 of mercury, as well as creolin, lysol, eucalyptus and naphtha- 

 lene, which evaporate at the ordinai-y temperature of the hive, 

 prevent the gi'owth of the bacilli, but have practically no action 

 on the spares. In 5 per cent, carbolic acid the spores persisted 



