48 THE BOOK OF GARDEN DESIGN 
these would be considerable. Tar walks, though 
entirely objectionable in the flower garden, are some- 
times tolerated here, and are both durable and fairly 
satisfactory. A good gravel path lasts a long time if 
kept constantly in repair, but the main considerations are 
good gravel and plenty of it. Kitchen-garden paths 
should always be of fair width, though in a small place 
every available inch of ground must be pressed into 
service for cropping purposes. A wide walk possesses 
many advantages—it enables barrows and carts to pass 
without the necessity of one or other being taken back, 
and generally facilitates those operations which are in a 
sense peculiar to the vegetable department. 
Next to the pathway on the inner side, a smaller 
border for herbaceous plants may be made. From these 
plants the chief supplies of cut flowers for the house 
would be obtained, as it is often undesirable to denude 
the garden borders for the purpose. A four-foot 
border would be sufficient, and when filled with gay 
perennials would prove a charming and useful feature 
of the design. Behind this border a suitable opportunity 
occurs for a row of espalier fruit-trees, and these might 
be continued round each division of the garden, with 
suitable breaks at intervals for obtaining access to the 
ground behind them. The smaller the garden, the 
more suitable would be the espalier method of training, 
as it occupies the minimum of space, allows the fruit to 
ripen freely, and gives opportunity for those cultural 
details which are with difficulty performed on standard 
or bush trees. The usual style of fence is one formed 
of iron uprights and strained wires, but this is not so 
picturesque as a combination of wood and wire. If in 
addition to wooden posts, a top rail is added, the effect 
of the whole when covered with branches in full blossom 
is beautiful in the extreme. In suitable situations, 
notably short pathways leading from one part of the 
