so 



THE APPLE-TREE 



(budding) whereby a single bud with a bit of bark at- 

 tached is inserted under the bark of the stock. 



Cion-grafting is practiced in winter under 

 cover. The stock is cut off at the crown 

 and the cion spliced on it, or the root may 

 be cut in two or more pieces and each piece 

 receive a cion. The union is made by the 

 whip-graft method (Fig. 16). The cion is 

 tied securely, to keep it in place. The piece- 

 root method is allowable only when the root 

 is long and strong, so that a well-rooted 

 plant results the first year. The cion is a 

 cutting of the last year's growth (as of No. 

 1, in Fig. 14). However accomplished, the 

 process is to supply the cion with roots; it 

 is planted in another plant instead of in the 

 ground. 



The cion-grafts are now planted in the 

 nursery row . in spring. The cion starts 

 growth rapidly, only one shoot being allowed 

 to remain; this shoot forms the trunk or 

 bole of the future tree. At the end of the 

 first season, the little tree is said to be one 

 year old, although the root is at least two years old; at 

 the end of the second year it is two years old; the tree 

 is sometimes sold as a two-year old, but usually a year 

 later as a three-year-old having a four-year-old root. In 

 fact, however, the root and top may be considered, in a 

 way, to be of the same age, particularly if only a piece of 

 the root is employed, for the cion grew on its parent tree 

 the same year the root was growing in the nursery. 

 The tree grew from the seed but it is no longer a 



1 6. The 

 whip-graft be- 

 fore tying. 



