CITIZENS OF THE APPLE-TREE 91 



perhaps a month; larva departed from the fruit to form 

 a cocoon and to remain quiescent till it pupates the fol- 

 lowing spring (if there is no second brood) when it trans- 

 forms into a moth; the moth alive for one week or ten 

 days, laying perhaps as many as one hundred eggs or 

 even more. If there is a second or third brood, the pupa 

 resurrects in ten days or so into the moth ; eggs are laid ; 

 larvae are hatched; pupae again are formed; and thus is 

 the process continued. But the winter stage is the larva, 

 although perhaps in store-houses the moths may emerge 

 earlier and survive till spring. 



The eggs of the first brood are commonly laid on the 

 leaves and fruit. The young larva or worm eats very 

 little on the foilage. It usually crawls into the blossom 

 end of the apple. The young apple stands erect, with the 

 calyx open (Fig. 6) ; later the calyx closes and protects 

 the larva that hatched there, forming a good cover for 

 its operations (Fig. 7). The worm drives for the core, 

 where it eats the young seeds and burrows extensively; 

 then, when nearly grown, it sets out for the surface, eat- 

 ing a straight burrow ; an opening is made through the 

 skin of the apple, but this exit is plugged until the animal 

 is ready to leave the place and to crawl down the tree to 

 pupate. The larvas of later broods may enter at the side 

 of the apple, where a leaf affords protection or where 

 two fruits come together ; but the life-history is the same, 

 varying in its rapidity. 



This account discloses the vulnerable point in the 

 life-history, if one is to destroy the insects and to grow 

 fair fruit; if poison is lodged on the erect open-topped 

 little apple, the young larva will get it before he injures 

 the fruit. If the application of the poison is delayed until 



