The Clumber Spaniel 221 
haw, by altering the standard. If that is followed out then there will be 
less lower lip i in the accepted hawless specimens and a tendency to loss of 
that expression and character which is so distinctly Clumber in type. An 
exaggerated showing of the haw and no haw at all are equally incorrect. 
If we are to believe that the painting by Wheatly of the Duke of 
Newcastle and his spaniels is an accurate representation of the Clumbers 
of that early date as to size and general appearance, then there is but one 
conclusion to arrive at and that is to attribute the Clumber of 1875-1900 
to advanced selection along a line of type originally bred for at Clumber. 
The spaniels at Clumber in the year 1807 were and had been for thirty 
years under the care of William Mansell, and were then known as the Duke’s 
or Mansell’s breed, and most assuredly Mr. Mansell had an ideal type if 
that was the case. A man can accomplish a great deal in thirty years in 
altering and moulding a breed, and how much longer Mansell lived we do 
not know. We need go no farther in illustration of what can be accom- 
plished in making type by selection than Boston, with its “round-headed 
bull and terrier” of 1890 and the Boston terrier of to-day, or to speak more 
correctly, of 1885 and 1895, for it was well established before it was recog- 
nised by the American Kennel Club in 1892. 
The distinction of hunting mute is also something quite possible to 
secure by selection, for the Duke of Albemarle had large black and tan 
spaniels that were mute; the Sussex was very nearly so, and if pains had been 
taken to breed for that peculiarity it might doubtless have been established 
in that breed. So that there is nothing whatever in the case of the Clumber 
which needs any explanation beyond selection and breeding to a type 
fancied by those in charge of or who owned the strain. 
We will now give what is recorded of the variety under its name of 
Clumber. In “The Dog,” written by Stonehenge, probably in 1868— 
the second edition is dated 1872—the description given is as follows: “A 
remarkably long, low, and somewhat heavy dog. In weight he is from 
thirty to forty pounds. Height, eighteen to twenty inches. The head is 
heavy, wide and full, the muzzle broad and square, generally of a flesh 
colour. Nostrils open and chops full and somewhat pendant. Ears long 
and clothed with wavy hair, not too thick. Body very long and strong, 
the back ribs being very deep, and the chest being very round and barrel- 
like, the ribs at the same time being so widely separated from each other as 
to make the interval between them and the hips small in proportion to the 
