Ill. TYPES OF DISTRIBUTION. Q7 
with some of the species referred to the English type, so some of 
those referred to this present one are quite restricted to two or 
three of the most northern provinces of Scotland, while others 
abound in Scotland, and also spread southward, although in 
diminished frequency, far down England; others, again, finding 
their southern limits between the extremes of narrow and wide 
distribution. With respect to those species of the type which are 
most widely distributed, their lessened frequeucy in the southerly 
provinces, or entire absence therefrom, applies more particularly to 
the south-east of Ingland, where the climate is drier, and the 
summer temperature is higher, than usually experienced in the 
south-western provinces of England. Along with this group, also, 
certain species may be associated which run out to diminished 
frequency, or early entire cessation, northward as well as south- 
ward ; occurring chiefly or only in the northern provinces of 
England and southern provinces of Scotland. In these respects 
they constitute an ‘“ Intermediate Type.” Equally with the rest, 
these are truly plants of a boreal distribution and prevalence, 
when we consider them with reference to the southern provinces 
of England; although it may also be said that they are so far 
species of a southern distribution likewise, when considered with 
reference to the northern provinces of Scotland. From most other 
species of the Scottish type, however, they differ chiefly by their 
more restricted areas; for their tendency to the hilly districts of 
England and the Lowlands, like those which extend still farther 
northward in Scotland, indicates a general similarity of climatal 
adaptation, while it clearly distinguishes them from species of the 
truly English type. It will thus be understood that several of 
the species assigned to the Scottish type of distribution are not 
prevalent in Scotland only ; some few of them, as explained, being 
really more prevalent in the northern provinces of England, 
although nowhere very abundant. But since the majority are 
prevalent in Scotland, the name of the type is taken from that 
northern portion of the kingdom, as a contrast against the name 
adopted for the more southern or English type. Primula scotica 
and Ajuga pyramidalis ave instances of an extremely restricted 
