VII. FORMULA EXPLAINED. 73 
name taken from the Summa Vegetabilium Scandinavia, by Fries, 
to express the southern portion of Sweden,—say, southward of 
latitude 59 or 60. Norway (nor) is the country usually so 
designated ; the most northerly portions of which will come 
under the abbreviations for Lapland and Finmark, presently to be 
mentioned. Sweden (swe) will here be restricted to the northern 
latitudes, that is, exclusive of Gothland above mentioned. Lap- 
land (lap) is the still more northerly part of the long Scandinavian 
peninsula ; being partly Norwegian, partly Swedish, partly Russian. 
Finmark (fin) is the most northern portion of Norwegian Lapland, 
about latitude 69—71; the less northern portion being known as 
Nordland. Finmark is thus specially brought into the series, im 
order to give that far northerly latitude for such British species as 
are known to grow there. The lists given by Professeur C. 
Martins, in his highly valuable Voyage Botanique, have proved an 
essential assistance in this respect; though other authorities have 
likewise been consulted, for instance, a collection of plants made 
in Finmark by Dr. Lund. 
The Sixth line traces the distribution eastward from Europe ; 
commencing with Russia, and passing thence into Asia. In Lede- 
bour’s Flora Rossica the great country of Russia-in Europe is 
distinguished into four latitudinal zones or wide belts, with two 
added sections ;—1 Arctic, to the northward of the arctic circle ;— 
2 Northern, thence to latitude 60 ;—8 Middle, between latitudes 
60—50, or thereabouts ;—4 Southern, to the southward of lati- 
tude 50;—also, 5 Crimea;—6 the Caucasian provinces, more 
Asiatic than European. These six figures or some of them follow 
the name of Russia at the beginning of line sixth; being reversed 
in the order of their sequence, because it is found more con- 
venient, and more in accord with the divisions of Europe in 
the preceding line, to trace the extension of the plant from south 
to north. West-asia, or simply Asia, will apply to the wide extent 
of countries southward from Caucasus, eastward from the Mediter- 
ranean sea to India. Occasionally, more special habitats will be 
named, but without meaning that the plant is found only there, 
and not elsewhere in West Asia. North India or India will be 
i 
