THE LEAF. 



37 



(Fig. 77), as iu the Uvularia. In the Honeysuckles the 

 opposite leaves are sometimes united 

 at their bases, rendering them con- 

 nate-perfoliate (Fig. 78). The 

 leaves of the Iris are equitant, that 

 is, straddling over each other. Several 

 kinds of leaves have no distinction of 73 



blade and petiole; as the sword-shaped, ensiform (Lat. 

 ensis, sword), leaves of the Daffodils ; the needle-shaped, 

 acicular (Lat. acus, needle), leaves of the Pines (Fig. 29) ; 

 and the scale-shaped, squamose (Lat. squama, scale), 

 leaves of the Junipers. If petioles become laminoid, or ex- 

 panded like a blade, and take the place of the latter, they 

 are called phyllodia. 



43. The stipules are sometimes free, leaf-like append- 

 ages, as in the Pea (Fig. 79), and perform the ordinary 

 function of leaves ; in Galium they are interpetiolar, and 

 as large as the leaves and exactly 

 resemble them, so that the leaves 

 are usually said to be whorled; 

 but in reality they are opposite, 

 the two intermediate leaves on 

 each side being free stipules. 

 Ordinarily, however, the stipules 

 are very much reduced in size, as 

 in the Bean ; sometimes they take 

 the shape of bristles or prickles, 

 as in the Locust (Fig. 80). In 

 the Smilax they take on the shape 

 of tendrils (Fig. 81). When united to the base of the 



Fig. 78. A ConnateTperfoIiate leaf. Fig. 79. Leaf of the Pea, with large, /ree 

 stipules (^stip). 



