THE FRUIT. 



67 



sometimes more or less covered by an outgrowth called 

 the aril, as in the Nutmeg (where it is called 

 Mace), the Buruing-bush, the Climbing Bitter- 

 Sweet, etc. 



85. The torus is the name given to the end 

 of the axis which supports the floral organs 

 (Fig. 109). It is generally somewhat enlarged 

 and rounded. It may be much elongated, as 

 in the Magnolia (Fig. 153) ; or very much broad- 

 ened, as in the Flowering Raspberry (Rubus). 

 In the Strawberry it is broadened and elon- 

 gated (Fig. 151). Exactly the revei-se of this, 

 namely, deeply concave, is exemplified by the 

 Rose (Fig. 155). In the figures (Figs. 163, 

 * 164) the receptacle is hollowed out and almost 



completely closed at the top. In some plants of the Pink 

 family an internode is developed between the calyx and 

 corolla, called the stipe. The elongation may continue 

 between the caj-pels, as in the Geranium and in the Um- 

 bellifercB. In Xelumhiwn it is inversely conical with isolated 

 immersed carpels. A disk is a development of the recep- 

 tacle under or around the pistil. 



86. The Fruit. — The Fruit may consist simply of the 

 ripened ovary, with the enclosed seeds, as the Buttercup, 

 Bean, Wheat, etc., or it may 

 consist of the ovary and seeds 

 together with the adnate parts. 

 The Apple, for instance, con- 

 sists of the ovary with the adher- 

 ent calyx-tube (Fig. 156) ; the 



Fig, 153. Elongated torus of Tulip-tree [Liriodendron Tulipifera). Fig. 154. 

 Enlarged torus ot" Strawberry. Fig. 155. Depressed torus of Rose. 



