THE FRUIT. 



69 



the silique (Fig. 159), or two-valved fruit of the family 

 Cnudferce, where the pod has two parietal placenta; and 

 often a false partition from which the valves sepa- 

 rate (Mustard). A silicle (Fig. 160) is 

 a short silique (Shepherd's-Purse). 



89. The samara (Fig. 161) is a winged, 

 one-seeded, indehisceut fruit (Ash, Elm, 

 Maple). The achenium, or akene (Fig. 

 159 136, mK), is a seed-like fruit, dry, naked, ^^ 

 and indehisceut (Anemone, Compositce). The utricle is 

 like the akene, but with a thin and bladdery loose covering 

 (Goosefoot). The caryopsis (Fig. 1, 1) is the grain ; it 

 completely fills the thin-walled cell, and is consolidated with 

 it (Wheat, Indian Corn). A nut is like an akene, but 

 larger, and often enclosed or surrounded by a kind of 

 involucre (Fig. 162}, called a eupuie (Acorn, Hazelnut, 

 Hickory). 



90. The drupe is a fruit, the outer part of which be- 

 comes fleshy, called the sareocarp (Gr. sarx, flesh ; harpos, 

 fruit) ; and the inner, stony, called the putamen (Cherry, 

 Peach). The pome 

 (Fig. 156) is a fruit with 

 several carpels of parch- 

 ment-like or stony text- 

 ure, covered by flesh 

 (Apple, Pear, Quince). 

 The pepo is the fleshy 

 ^^^ gourd-fruit, surrounded 



vrith a firm rind (Squash, Cucumber, Melon). The berry is 

 a fruit which is fleshy throughout (Tomato, Grape, Currant). 



Fig. 1S9. A Silique. Fig. 160. A Silicle. Fig. 161. A Samara of Maple. Fig. 

 162. Acorn, with cupule, of Shingle Oak (Quercus imbricaria). 



