mCOTYLEDONES. 207 



wise of any utility. Among the latter are Chicory (or roots 

 of Cioliorium Iniybus of Europe), Garden Lettuce (JLactuca 

 sativa, native of Asia), Salsify, or Oyster-plant {Trago- 

 pogon porrifolius of Europe), Safflower (or red flowers of 

 Cartliamnus tinctoria, used as a dye). Arnica (flowers and 

 root of Arnica montana of Europe and Siberia), Flea- 

 powder or Persian insect-powder (the pulverized leaves 

 and flowers of Pyrelhrwn), Chamomile {Anthemis nobilis), 

 Tansy {Tanacelum vulgare), and Elecampane {Inula Hele- 

 niuni). The Tasmanian Bedjordia salieina, attaining a 

 height of fifteen feet, possesses hard and beautifully grained 

 ■wood, prized in cabinet work. The Musk-tree {Olearia 

 argophylld), also of Tasmania, twenty feet high, one foot in 

 diameter, is used in turnery and the manufacture of agri- 

 cultural implements because of the hardness of its wood.* 

 Other species of Olearia in New Zealand are equally 

 valuable. Among the many ornamental plants the com- 

 monest are species of Centawrea, Dahlia, Zinnia, Coreopsis, 

 Heliantlius, Aster, Solidago, Eupatorium, Chrysanthemum, 

 etc. Among vile weeds may be noticed the Thistles 

 {Cirsium), Eagweeds {Ambrosia), Spanish Needles {Bir 

 dens'), etc. The Sage Brush {Artemida) of the Eocky 

 Mountains consists of tall shrubs. 



17. Rubiaceae. The Madder family includes over 

 four thousand species of herbs, shrubs, and trees. They 

 have opposite, or whorled, stipulate entire leaves, regular 

 corolla, and epipetalous stamens (Fig. 322) ; the most 

 important members grow in the Tropics. There are 

 thirty or more species of Cinchona belonging to South 

 America. Several of them furnish Peruvian Bark, or 

 Jesuits' Bark, which contains two important alkaloids, 

 namely, Cinchonia and Quinia ; the sulphate of the 



