THE CORTEX, OB BARK. 295 



incision. The bark is tlien removed by the help of the 

 knife-blade. When partially dry, the outer bark is scraped 

 oif; the bark or bast is then whitish, but as soon as dry 

 presents the peculiar cinnamon color. If vigorous growth 

 takes place in November and December, the bark can be 

 again removed, but it is inferior. The refuse parts, together 

 with the leaves, are used iu the manufacture of oil of 

 cinnamon, of which the bark contains .5 to 1 per cent. 

 This is used in perfumery. Cinnamon finds extensive use 

 as a spice ; in medicine it is used as an aromatic and 

 moderate stimulant. 



277. Another tree of the same genus as the last (C. Cas- 

 sia), growing in Southern Asia and neighboring islands, 

 yields the Cassia bark and Cassia buds. Cassia 

 bark is thicker than, but otherwise much the same as, the 

 cinnamon ; the taste, however, is not so fine and strong. 

 The bark of the young twigs is cut longitudinally on two 

 sides, when the cambium is full of sap. After twenty- 

 four hours it is removed, the outer bark at the same time 

 spontaneously separating from it. In drying, the bark 

 rolls up into tubes like the cinnamon. Cassia bark con- 

 tains .8 to 1.5 per cent, of volatile-oil. 



278. Several arboreous species of the South American 

 genus Cinchona (of the Madder family, RuhiacecB), as C. 

 calisaya, C. Iviea, C. micrantha, etc., furnish^ the Cinchona 

 bark of commerce, the most important febrifuge known. 

 It is also called Peruvian bark, or Jesuits' bark. In 

 the mountainous regions of New Grenada, Bolivia, and 

 Peru, the bark is collected by half-civilized Indians. They 

 cut their way into the forests, clear the parasitic and 

 climbing plants from the Cinchona trees, remove the bark 

 from the trunk, then fell the tree and collect the bark 



