IN JAVA. 67 



and beautifully polished and turned. Dr. Solewijn Gelpke, 

 the director of " the cultures " in Java, has formed at great cost 

 a splendid coUectiou of the implements of the stone age of the 

 island, some of which I had the pleasure of examining on my 

 way home in 1883. Of the beautiful workmanship of the 

 early Javanese one or two fine specimens are to be seen in the 

 ethnological collection in the British Museum. 



In the village of Tjipanas, in the Tjiberang valley, distant 

 only a few miles from Sadjira, I spent a week. The village 

 derives its name from the hot-springs (which the name signifies) 

 that issue from the ground there at a temperature of 137"- 

 140° F. The place is permeated with the odour of sulphur 

 rising from the springs, which had been dug out into cisterns, 

 round which a crowd of sufferers from long distances were 

 constantly seated, bathiug their diseased and ulcerated limbs 

 and rheumatic joints. 



An abrupt hill which overshadowed the village, rising up to 

 about 1000 feet above the sea, reminded me, in the way in 

 which it was composed of great blocks of disrupted rock lying 

 in all positions and at every angle one on another, of the 

 titanic structure of the hills of Cintra to the north of Lisbon. 

 Both probably owe their disintegrated condition to the con- 

 stant earthquakes by which they are shaken. Growing on 

 the thin soil on the tops of the rocks I gathered one of the most 

 conspicuous of ground orchids, a tall white-flowered species of 

 Calanthe, nearly all of a\ hose flowers 1 was surprised to find 

 had been shed without being fertilised ; while in the crevices 

 grew luxuriant Osmundas (0. javanica) closely resembling 

 the Eoyal-ferns found at home. 



In the young forest on its slopes I shot three interesting 

 birds ; a male and female of the Platylophus galericulatus, a 

 crow- like bird with a handsome black crest resembling a 

 cockatoo's, finally settling the question that Count Salvadori 

 was correct in asserting its Sumatran ally (P. coronatus) to be 

 a distinct species, and not the female of the Javan bird as was 

 supposed by Mr. Elliott; the other the Fairy Blue-bird {Irene 

 turcosa), one of the finest plumaged birds of the island, whicli 

 is highly prized in Europe for plumassiers' purposes. Its wings, 

 throat and breast are deep velvety black, while its head, 

 back and tail are of glistening turquoise-blue, as if the colour 



