m SUMATRA. 263 



The malar bones are narrow vertically, flattened anteriorly, and curve 

 abruptly backwards, which gives that marked ijrominence at the malar 

 point so well seen in the drawings by Mr. Forbes. The nasi-malar angle 

 of No. 1 skull is 143=, and of the other 140°. 



The alveolar index of the two skulls is very similar, being 96-9 in No. 1, 

 and 98-8 in No. 2. They are therefore on the border-land, figuratively 

 speaking, between orthognathous and mesognathous. 



The palato-maxillary index of No. 1 is 126, and of No. 2, 120-4, 

 measuring the length and breadth of this region according to Professor 

 Flower's plan. The palate is comparatively flat. The teeth are in good 

 condition, small in size, and little worn. In No. 1 the two upper incisors 

 have been lost during life. 



The relation of the breadth of the middle portion of the face, from the 

 alveolar point to the nasion, to the bi-zygomatic breadth (the latter being 

 taken as 100), is as 525 and 53-9 to 100 in the two skulls respectively. 

 This is the mid-facial index of Kolmann, and shows a very close similarity 

 in the two skulls. 



The different measurements of the mandible show great similarity. 

 The chief point to be noted in this bone is the obtuseness of the symphesial 

 angle, which is 84° in the one, and 88° in the other skull, indicating a 

 much more vertical chin than obtains generally in Europeans. 



The pelvis not being articulated, ] was unable to ascertain all the 

 measurements which should be taken, but I measured the transverse and 

 antero-posterior diameter of the brim, which are undoubtedly the most 

 important dimensions. The transverse diameter of the brim measured 

 177 mm., and the antero-posterior diameter 122, which gives a pelvic 

 index (taking the transverse diameter as 100) of 104'3. The index of 

 forty-nine European female pelves, measured by Verneau and myself, 

 was 7y'0 ; while that of thirteen Andamanese, measured by myself, was 

 96'2. The antero-posterior length in comparison to the transverse 

 breadth of the brim in this Kubu woman's pelvis is extreme ; indeed I 

 have never Eeen or measured a pelvis of so exaggerated a type, approach- 

 ing in form nearly to that of the anthropomorphous apes. The great 

 antero-posterior length of this specimen is duo chiefly to the straightness 

 of the sacrum. It is extremely desirable that additional Rpecimens 

 should be procured, so as to ascertain whether such a form of pelvis is 

 normal in this race. 



The scapular index, or the ratio of the breadth of the scapula to the 

 length, the latter being taken as 100, is 7295 in the Kubu, in the 

 Europeans (Flower and myself) 65'2, in Negroes (Broca) 68'16, and in 

 Andamanese (Flower) 698. 



The limb bones are slender ; the index obtained by comparison of the 

 upper and lower limbs with each other — the inter-membral index, or the 

 length of the humerus and radius added together— compared with that 

 of the femur and tibia (the latter being taken as 100), is 70. This index 

 in Europeans measured by Professors Broca and Flower was found to be 

 692 and 69"73 respectively ; in Negroes Broca ascertained it to be 68 27 ; 

 and in nineteen Andamanese Flower found it to be 683. 



This high index shows an approximation in the proportions of the limbs 

 of the Kubus to those of the anthropoid apes, and indicates that the 

 length of the upper limb is considerably greater in proportion than that 

 of the lower as compared to v/hat obtains in Europeans. In the Negro 

 and the Andamanese, on the other hand, the upjDcr limb is proportion- 

 ately shorter than the lower. 



The femoro-humeral index, or the ratio of the humerus to the femur, 

 the latter being taken as 100, is 75'2. In twenty Europeans measured 



