IN TIMOR-LAUT. 341 



more than that of male European skulls, the average capacity of 347 of 

 which Topinard found to bo 1560 cc. That of the round-headed females 

 is 1,311 cc, or 64 cc. less than European female skulls, 232 of which, 

 measured by Topinard, averaged 1,375 cc. While the capacity, therefore, 

 of the male skulls from Timor-laut is, on an average, larger than those 

 of European, that of the females is less than in Europeans of the same sex. 

 The difference in capacity between males and females of Timor-laut is 296 

 cc. ; that between Europeans is 185 cc. The individual range of 

 capacity is considerable, one of the male skulls (No. 10) being no less 

 than 220 cc. smaller than any of the others. The largest cajDacity, that 

 of No. 4, is 1,780 cc, and the smallest 1,395 cc, that of No. 10. In the 

 females the range is from 1,405 to 1,240 cc. The difference, then, between 

 the largest and smallest male skulls is 385 cc, and 155 cc. between those 

 of females. The long-headed female has a capacity of 1,400 cc. 



Ceph'iUc Index. — In the round skulls the relative proportion of the 

 breadth to the length varies little in the two sexes ; the cephalic index 

 of the males averaging 88'1 and of the females 860. Reference to the 

 table will show that the lower index of the females is chiefly caused by 

 the almost undeformed cranium. No. 2, which has an index of only 78'9. 

 All these skulls belong to Broca's class of true brachycephalic (skulls in 

 which the cephalic index is over 8333) except No. 2, which is sub- 

 brachycephalic (between 8001 and 83333, on account of its width being 

 less than, while the length is the same as that of the others. The long 

 narrow female skull has an index of 71'1, and belongs, therefore, to Broca's 

 true dolichocephalic group. 



Height Index. — This averages about 2- higher in the male brachycephalic 

 skulls than in the corresponding females, being 80'6 in the former, 

 and 824 in the latter. The cephalic index of the males we found 

 was higher by tho same amount than that of the females. In the 

 dolichocephalic female the right index is much lower than in the 

 brachycephalic skulls of the same sex, a condition which the late 

 Professor Eolleston found usually to obtain. The height of the skulls is in 

 all instances less than the breadth, except in the female No. 2. The 

 indices of height and breadth above given cannot be taken as strictly 

 accurate, owing to the artificial flattening of the posterior or postero- 

 lateral portion of most of the crania, but are as nearly accui ate as cir- 

 cumstances will admit, and general deductions may probably be relied 

 upon. 



The height in proportion to the breadth (the latter being taken as lOO) 

 is in the males as 91 '2, and in the females as 95'6 to 100. 



Circumference. — The horizontal circumference of the brachycephalic 

 skulls averages in the males 507 mm., that of the females 475 mm., while 

 the transverse vertical circumference of the former is 456 mm., and of the 

 latter 424-6 mm. The total longitudinal circumference averages in the 

 males 501 2 mm., and in the females 473 mm. In each of the three 

 circumference measurements, therefore, the female skulls are on an 

 average about 31 mm. smaller than the males. The dolichocephalic 

 female shows considerable difiierences in the various circumferences from 

 the previous skulls of the same sex. Its horizontal and total longitudinal 

 circumferences are each 25 mm. greater than the average of these 

 .measurements in the brachycephalic skulls, while its transverse vertical 

 circumference is 17'6 mm. less. The increased size of the two first 

 circumferences in this skull is due to the greater antero-posterior length 

 of the frontal and especially the parietal bones ; the other segments being 

 almost the same in both varieties of skulls. This accords with tho fact 

 pointed out by M. Gratiolet, that in women the elongation of the cranium 



