IN. TIMOR-LAUT. 343 



being less than that of any of the other males. These conditions are 

 usually concomitant, as was shown by Professor Wiesbach, and are 

 indications of a skull not having attained its full development, as in this 

 case, or of the permanent retention of a child-like character when occurr- 

 ing in the fully adult skull, as is not uncommon in women. Epiteric 

 bones are present in three of the female crania, Nos. 1, 7. and 9. Jn the 

 male skull No. 10 the squamosals articulate with the frontal, the ate 

 sphenoid not intervening between them, as is xisually the case. The 

 zygomatic arches can be seen in moist instances projecting beyond the 

 outline of the cranium in the fronto-parietal region — that is to say, the 

 skulls are usually phtenozygous, though more so in some cases than in 

 others, In order to estimate the amount of zygomatic projection, or 

 the relation of the maximum cranio-facial breadth to the fronto-parietal 

 breadth at the stephanion, Topinnrd has suggested the formation of an 

 index from the bi-zygon^atic and bi-stephanic breadths, in place of the 

 angle of Quatrefages. which can only be measured by means of a compli- 

 cated goniometer. Taking the former breadth as 100, 1 find that the bi- 

 zygostephanic index of the brachycephalic male skulls averages 876, and 

 of the female 87"4, and of the dolichocephalic female 94:'2. 



In order to compare these averages with those of other races, I have 

 worked this out in the series of Andamanese skulls and of Fijians pub- 

 lished by Professor Flower in the volumes of the "Journal of the 

 Anthropological Institute" for 1879 and 1880, and the following are the 

 results obtained : — 



Bi-zygostephanic Index. 



Andamanese ., 12 malts, 88' 3; 12 females, 01' 5. 

 Timnr-laut .. 3 „ S"-!!; 5 „ 87-4. 

 Fijian .. .. G „ 80-4; 5 „ 85'5. 



Before its value can be rightly estimated it will require to be worked 

 out in a much more extended series. It may be stated, however, that 

 crania with a bi-zygostephanic index of under 90 are phsenozygus. The 

 development of the inion is usually represented by Broca's descriptive 

 figures 1 or 2. Though not very prominent the inion and the inner or mesial 

 extremities of the superior curved lines are well developed and rugged, a 

 condition to which, Professor Thane kindly reminded me. Professor Ecker 

 has attributed considerable importance as being indicative of a simian 

 character, these ridges being the representative in man of the crests so 

 well marked in the skull of the orang-outan and other anthropomorphous 

 apes. The sutures are, a.!! a rule, simple, varying in the series from 1 to 

 3 of Broca's numbers, both in regard to complexity and degree of oblite- 

 ration. In the dolichocephalic female the frontal suture is metopic 

 (see p. 3i5), but in none of the other skulls does this condition obtain. 

 The wormian bones are small in most instances. All the brachycephalic 

 skulls of both sexes exhibit more or less flattening in the occipital or 

 parieto-occipital region, such as would be produced by laying an infant, 

 without any soft material under the head, in a cradle, like that exhibited 

 hero by Mr. Forbes from Timor-laut. The dolichocephalic female and 

 child's skulls show no sign of flattening. The basilar suture is entirely 

 oMiterated in all instances except in the youth ; no abnormality is to be 

 observed in any case in the under surface of the tranium. 



Iterjiorial characters of facial portion. — In most instances the face has a 

 flat appearance. The axes of the orbits are in some instances more 

 horizontal than in others. The inter-orbital portion, though not showing 

 great variation in actual width, diflfers in form on account of the projec- 

 tion of the nasal bones being greater, and the ascending process of the 



