CANADA GROUSE, SPRUCE PARTRIDGE. 
Canachites canadensis. 
Canachites canadensis osgoodi. 
Canachites canadensis canace. 
Two small wood grouse, notable for their extreme 
simplicity and lack of fear of man, are found in the 
evergreen country, Canadian life zone, of the east, 
north and west. Of these the first is the Canada grouse, 
a small, blackish bird, variously marked below with 
spots of white and with the tail tipped with rusty red- 
dish. The male above is black, waved with dark gray, 
and beneath black; its throat bordered with white, 
many of the feathers tipped with white; the sides and 
the flanks marked by long white streaks. The female 
is barred with black and rusty, but has the sides and 
the scapulars or shoulder feathers streaked with white. 
The tips of the tail feathers are bright rusty. Length, 
144 inches; wing about 7 inches and tail 5 inches. It 
is found in northern New England, New York, Michi- 
gan, Minnesota and through Canada to Alaska. 
The three forms of the Canada grouse are very 
closely related, and, from the sportsman’s viewpoint, 
hard to separate. True canadensis is restricted to the 
northern part of the range—eastern flanks of the 
Rocky Mountains west of Edmonton, Alberta, easterly 
to Labrador Peninsula, and Alaska from Bristol Bay 
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