RUFFED GROUSE—PARTRIDGE. 
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Bonasa umbellus. 
Bonasa umbellus togata, 
Bonasa umbellus umbelloides, 
Bonasa umbellus sabini. 
The ruffed grouse is peculiar to North America, and 
is found mainly in the Transition and Canadian life 
zones. Ornithologists recognize four geographical 
races in different sections of the continent. Of these 
four forms, the typical species (Bonasa umbellus) in- 
habits the eastern United States as far north as north- 
ern Massachusetts, thence westward to and beyond 
the Mississippi River; in southern Vermont, southern 
New York, through Ohio, Michigan, Wisconsin and 
southern Minnesota, touching the eastern portions of 
North and South Dakota, eastern Nebraska, eastern 
Kansas and Missouri, northern Arkansas, Tennessee, 
Kentucky, and in the Alleghanies to Georgia. The 
ruffed grouse of northern New England, northern New 
York, northern Michigan and eastern Oregon, known 
as B. umbellus togata, the Canada ruffed grouse, is 
found also northward to Nova Scotia, Manitoba, cen- 
tral Keewatin, southern Ungava and British Columbia. 
The gray ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus umbelloides) 
occurs in the central Rocky Mountains, from Colorado, 
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