AQUILA. 75 



widening up the shafts of the feathers ; quills blackish ; the secondaries 

 rather bi'owner, and broadly tipped with buffy-white ; feathers 

 of hinder back and rump tawny fulvous^ with dark brown lateral 

 margins, spreading more over the plumes of the latter part ; upper 

 tail-coverts buffy- white, in strong contrast to the tail, which is uni- 

 form brown, tipped with buffy-white ; under surface of tail light tawny 

 fulvous, nearly uniform on the throat, abdomen, thighs, tarsus and 

 under tail-coverts; the whole of the breast feathers laterally margined 

 with brown, producing a distinctly streaked appearance ; under wing- 

 coverts rufous fawn colour, streaked with brown ; the lower series ashy 

 brown, like the inner lining of the wing. 



Adult Male. — Blackish brown above, much lighter brown on the 

 under part of the back and on the upper tail-coverts, which are mot- 

 tled with white near the base, and broadly tipped with the same j many 

 of the scapulars pure white, forming a conspicuous patch, which, how- 

 ever, is confined to the scapulars themselves ; the last wing-coverts 

 slightly mottled with brown, but not with white near the carpal bend ; 

 rest of wing-coverts blackish brown, uniform with interscapulary region ; 

 quills blackish ; the primaries externally shaded with ashy grey ; the 

 secondaries browner ; the innermost slightly tipped with buffy white ; 

 the lower surface of wing ashy brown; the primaries mottled with 

 whitish at base of inner web. Tail ashy grey for a little more than the 

 basal two-thirds, shaded with silvery grey, and mottled with blackish 

 brown, forming indistinct and broken bars on some of the feathers ; the 

 terminal third blackish brown with a narrow tip of fulvous; head and 

 neck light fulvous with fawn coloured bases to some of the feathers of the 

 nape. Hind neck dark fawn brown with light buff tips and dark brown 

 centres ; forehead and anterior part of crown blackish, as well as the 

 feathers over the eye ; sides of face and of neck light fulvous like the 

 crown, the feathers under the eyes inclining to brown. Cheeks and 

 entire under parts blackish ; the under tail-coverts tawny buff with 

 dark brown shaft-lines and whitish tips to the feathers ; under wing- 

 coverts and axillaries blackish, like the breast. Cere pale yellow. 

 Bill bluish, darker at tip. Feet pale yellow. Iris brownish yellow. 



Length, Male. — 31 inches, culmen 2"6, wing 22"6, tail 11'3, tai-sus 

 3-9.— {Sharpe, Gat. Ace.) 



Adult Female — Larger; length, 32'34 inches, wing 23"75 — 24 inches, 

 tail 11-5, tarsus 3'85. — (Sharpe, Cat. Ace.) 



Hah. — South, Eastern and Central Europe, and throughout India 

 nearly. Occurs in Sind, the Punjab, Beloochistan, Afghanistan, 

 Persia, Concan and Deccan ; Nepaul, Behar, Central and Southern India, 

 and the Himalayas. 



Aquila clauga, Vail. Zoogr. Bosso. Asiat. i. p. 351 ; Graif, 

 Hand List, i. p. 28 ; Sharpe, Cat. Ace. p. 248 ; Murray, Hdhh., Zool., 

 Sfc., Sind. Aquila vittata, Hodgs. in Gray's Zool. Miscellany, 1844. 

 Aquila naevia, Schreneh. Beis. Amurl. Vog. p. 220; Jerd. B. of Ind, 

 i. p. 29, No. 28; Hume, Bough Notes, i. p. 162; Stray Feathers. 

 i. p. 158; Andrs. P. Z. S. 1871. 



