120 UPDPID^. 



Upupa epops, Linn. P. E. 52; Lev. Prom. t. 22; Naum. vogt. t. 

 142; Gould. B. Bur. pi. 288; Jerd. B. Ind. i. p. 390, No. 254; 8tr. 

 F. i. 1 74 ; iii. 90 ; Murray, Hdbk., Zoul., Sjx., Bind, p. 133; — The Hoopoe. 



Feathers of the crest reddish buff^ each feather tipped with black, 

 some of the median ones with a narrow whitish band, below the black 

 tip; hind neck, sides of neck, throat and breast pale rufous fawn ; chin 

 whitish; upper back dark ashy brown; lower back and scapulars barred 

 buffy and dark brown ; wing-coverts black with two white bands; under 

 wing-coverts buffy white; primaries, secondaries and tertiaries dark 

 brown; the 1st primary with a white spot ontheinner web, and the others 

 barred on both webs ; secondaries and tertiaries with 3 — 4 white bands ; 

 lower abdomen buffy, with a few dark streaks ; under tail-coverts white ; 

 upper tail-coverts white, terminated with black; tail black, with a 

 white band about the middle ; bill black, reddish at the base ; irides 

 red brown ; legs bi'ownish black. 



Length. — 12 to 12'5 inches, wing 5'5j tail 4, bill at front 1*75 or a 

 Utile more. 



Hah. — Europe, India, Assam, Himalayas, Cashmere, Palestine, Persia, 

 Beloochistan, Afghanistan, Eastern Turkistan, Sind, Punjab, N. W. 

 Provinces, Bengal, Southern, Northern, Central, Eastern and West- 

 ern India generally. Breeds in the Punjab and N. W. Provinces. 



Tribe, DENTIEOSTRES. 

 Tipper mandible of bill toothed or notched near the tip. 



Family, LANIAD^,— Shrikes. 



Bill long, strong, straight, mostly hooked ; keel curved, sides com- 

 pressed to tip; wings moderate ; tail long; tarsi strong; hind toe long ; 

 claws long, curved and sharp. 



Sub -Family, LANIIN^. 



Bill moderate; nostrils lateral and rounded; wings rather long; outer 

 toe longer than inner, and united to middle at base ; hind toe long, 

 broadly padded. 



Gen. Lanius, — Lin. ; Collurio, Oray. 



Bill broad, a few short bristles at base by which the nostrils are 

 partially covered, tip hooked ; 4th quill longest ; tail graduated. 



Lanius lahtora, Syke.^ ; Gray, III. Ind. Zool., pi. 32,2 and 33,3 ; 

 Jerd. B. Ind.\. 400, No. 256; Murray, Hdbk, Zool, ^c, Sind. p. J33. 

 Lanius burra. Gray, III. Ind. Zool. pi. 32, fig. 3. — The Indian Gkey 

 Shrike. 



A narrow frontal streak (not always distinct) continued through 

 the eyes, including the ear-coverts to the napo, black; head, back 

 and upper tail-coverts blue grey ; primaries dusky, the feathers with 

 a broad band of white at their bases on both webs ; secondaries 

 dusky, their inner webs broadly margined, and the tips edged with 

 white ; tertiaries and wing-coverts black ; the tertiaries broadly tipped 



