LANIUS. 121 



witli white, some of the feathers also margined broadly on their inner 

 webs with the same colour ; scapulars white ; entire under surface white ; 

 middle feathers of the tail black, tipped white, the external feathers 

 whoUy white, black shafted, the two next following margined on their 

 outer web and also tipped white; under wing-coverts white; bill black; 

 legs brown black ; irides hazel brown. 



Length. — 9'5 to 10 inches, wing 4"25, tail 4"5 to 5, bill at front 0'62. 



Hah. — India generally, Sind, Beloochistan, Southern Persia, Afghan- 

 istan, Punjab, N. W. Provinces, Bengal, Deccan, Concan, Kutch, 

 Kattiawar, Jodhpore (Rajputana generally). North Guzerat and 

 Khandeish. Breeds in Sind in June and July. Eggs 2 — 4, white, 

 with specklings of brick red or reddish brown. 



Lanius erythronotous. Vigors. P. Z. S. 1831 ; Gould. Birds 

 Cent. Him. pi. 12,2 ; Jerd. B. Ind. i. 402, No. 257 ; Str. F. i. 174 ; vii. 

 374; Murray, Edbk., Zool., 8fc., Sind p. 134. Lanius superciliosus, 

 8w. 0. of B. f. 200. — The Eufous-backed Sheike. 



A black frontal band continued through the eyes to the back of the 

 ear-coverts ; head, neck and upper back pale ashy grey ; lower back, 

 rump, upper tail-coverts, lower scapulars, flanks, lower abdomen and 

 vent rufous, lighter on the vent ; chin, throat and upper breast white, 

 in some a buffy tinge ; primaries dusky, a small white spot at the base, 

 and the edge of the wing white ; secondaries dusky, faintly margined 

 whitish on the external webs in some specimens, in others absent ; 

 tertiaries and wing-coverts dark brown or blackish, edged and margin- 

 ed on the external web with whitish; tail, the central feathers black 

 or dark brown, lateral feathers greyish brown, edged and tipped 

 whitish; bill and legs dark brown; irides dark brown. 



Length. — 9" 75 to 10 inches, wing 8'5 to 3'76, tail 4'5 to 5. 



Hal. — India generally and Ceylon. Beloochistan (Quetta), S. 

 Afghanistan, Kutch, Kattiawar, Jodhpore, N. Guzerat. In Sind it is a 

 permanent resident, and breeds during March. 



Lianius vittatus, Valenc. Did. Sc. Nat. 1826, xl. p. 227; Walden, 

 Ihis. 1867, p. 220. CoUurio Hardwickii, Vig. P. Z. S. 1831, p. 42. 

 Lanius Hardwickii, Jerd. B. Ind. i. p. 405, No. 260 ; Murray, Hdbh., 

 Zool., ^c, Sind, p. 1 34. — The Bay-backed Shkike. 



A broad black frontal band continued through the eyes to the nape ; 

 top of head whitish ; back of head, hind neck, lower back and upper 

 tail-coverts greyish white, paler on the rump and upper tail-coverts ; 

 middle of back and scapulars chestnut bay ; primaries, secondaries, 

 tertiaries, wing-coverts, and four central tail feathers black, the primaries 

 with a broad white patch on both webs ; outermost tail feathers on 

 each side, and the bases and tips of the three next following white; 

 entire under surface white or bufFy white, tinged with ferruginous on 

 the flanks, breast and abdomen ; bill and legs black ; irides hazel. 



Length. — 7-5 to 8 inches, wing 3'25, tail 4, bill at front nearly 

 0-75, tarsus 0-75. 

 16 z 



