PYCNONOTDS. 135 



with faint transverse striae, the lateral feathers narrowly margined at 

 the tips with whitish ; a double line of dark spots from the base of 

 the lower mandible on either side of the thi-oat ; under surface 

 white ; the flanks and sides brownish, the feathers with fulvous mesial 

 streaks ; under tail-coverts ferruginous ; bill horny brown, paler on 

 lower mandible ; irides brown ; legs pale horny. 



Length. — 7 to 7*7 inches, wing 2 to 2'3, tail 4, bill at front 0'4. 



Hah. — Sind, the Punjab, N. W. Provinces and Bengal; breeds in 

 Sind from July to September. 



Family, BEACHTPODID^,— Short-legged Thrushes. 

 Legs and feet short ; wings moderate or rather long ; bill various. 



Sub-Family, PYCNONOTIN/E,— Teue Bqibuls. 



Bill generally short, straight and depressed ; rictal bristles well 

 developed ; nostrils exposed. 



Gen. Pycnonotus. — Boie, Isis, 1826, 



Bill rather long and thin ; gongs up-curved; rictal bristles strong; 

 legs and feet stout ; tarsi with a single scute at insertion of feet ; 

 toes scutellate ; head more or less crested, but not conspicuously. 



Pycnonotus hsemorrhous, Blyth, J. A. 8. B. xiv. p. 566; id. 

 XV. p. 50 ; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 237 ; Jerd. B. Ind. ii. p. 94, No. 462 ; 

 Str. F. 1875, p. 292 ; Sharpe, Gat. B. B. Mus. vol. vi. ; Murray, Hdbk., 

 Zool., 8fc., Sind. Haematornis hsemorrhous, Swains, Faun. Bor. Amer. 

 B. p. 485. Pycnonotus pusillus. Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 237; Str. F. 1878, 

 p. 258 ; Hume, 1. c. p. 456 ; Str. F. 1877, p. 246 ; Molpastes hsemorrhous, 

 Hume, Str. F. 1879, p. 98. — The Common Madeas Bctlbul. 



Head crested, black ; chin and throat black ; neck, back and wing- 

 coverts brown, more or less pale edged; upper tail-coverts white; tail 

 brownish black, tipped with white ; breast brown, all the feathers edged 

 with white or ashy ; lower abdomen and vent white ; flanks and thigh- 

 coverts light brown; under tail-coverts crimson; under wing-coverts 

 whitish ; bill black ; legs greenish or slaty green ; irides deep brown. 



Length. — 7'75 to 8 inches, wing 3'4, tail 3'4, tarsus 0'8, bill at front 

 0-9. 



Hah. — Ceylon, Southern and Central India (Mhow, Travancore), 

 Deccan, Concan, Malabar, Kutch, Kattiawar, Jodhpore and North 

 Guzerat; also the Punjab, N. W. Provinces, Bengal and Oudh. 

 In Sind it appears to be a permanent resident, breeding from June 

 to August. Eggs 2 — 4, white, speckled with lake red or deep claret. 



Pycnonotus leucotis, Iiros. apud. Gould. P. Z. S. 1836, p. 6; 

 Bj). Consp. Av. i. p. 265 ; De F. Viag. Fers. p. 347. Pycnonotus 

 leucotis, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xiv. p. 567; Blf. East. Per.'>. ii. p. 218. 

 Otocompsa leucotis, Jerd. B. Ind. ii. p. 91, No. 459; Hume, Str. F. 

 1873, p. 181; id. 1875, p. 206; 1. c. p. 473; 1879, p. 98; Murray, 

 Hdbk., Zool., ^'c, Sind, p. 143. — The White-eared Crested Bulbul. 



