coRvus. * 175 



Sub-Family, CORVINE. 

 Bill stout, long, straight ; keel arched ; tarsi stout, scutate. 



Gen. CorvUS. — Linn. 



Bill stout, strong and long; nostrils covered by bristly plumes; 

 wings long and pointed; 1st quill short, 3rd and 4th longest. 



Corvus lawrencel, Hume, Lahore to Yarkand, p. 235 ; id. Str. F. 

 vol. i. p. 205 ; Adam, t. c. p. 385 ; Hume, Nest and Hggs, Ind. B. p. 408 ; 

 Stol. 8.F. 1864, p. 474; Ball. S. F. 1875, p. 207; Murray, Hdhk., 

 Zool., 8fa., Bind, p. 172; Sharps, Gat. B. Br. Mus. vol. iii. p. 15. — 

 The Indian Raven. 



Uniform blue-black throughout, with a purplish tinge on the throat 

 and upper breast ; feathers of the chin and throat lanceolate ; bill black ; 

 incumbent bristles in front extend to beyond more than half of the 

 length of the bill, which is much arched ; irides dark brown or grey 

 brown ; legs black. 



Length. — 23'75 to 24'75, wings 16'8 to 17-4, when closed reach 

 to about from 03 to 0'5 of the end of the tail, bill at front 2*8. 



Hah. — Sind, Punjab, N. W. Provinces, Kutch, Kattiawar, Rajputana, 

 Beloocbistan and Afghanistan ; found in some numbers in Upper 

 Sind in flocks of from 30 to 50 at the beginning of winter, when a 

 great number are to be seen dead under the trees about Jacobabad 

 and Shikarpour. 



Corvus umbrinus, (Hedenh.) Sundev. CEfv. K. vet. Akad. Forh. 

 Stockh. 1838, p. 199; [ex Hedenh. Ms-) ; Heugl. Orn. N. 0. Afr. pp. 505, 

 125; Shelley, B. Egypt, p. 158; Dresser, B. Eur. pi. xxxiv., xxxviii. ; 

 Blf. East. Pers.; Murray, Str. F. vol. vii, p. 113; Hume, Str. F. vii. 

 p. 120; Murray, Hdhh., Zool., 8,-c., Sind, p. 173. Corvus infumatus, 

 Wagn. Munch- gel. Anz. 1839. Corvus corax, Horsf. and Moore, Cat. 

 B. Mus. E I. Co. ii. p. 652. — The Afghan Beown-necked Raven. 



Head and neck glossy umber brown, also the ear-coverts, sides of 

 the face and sides of the neck, the latter scarcely glossed ; lores, in- 

 cumbent nasal bristles, feathers round the eye, and at base of bill at 

 the gape, black; back, scapulars, wings, wing-coverts, upper tail-coverts 

 and tail glossy black with a violet blue gloss; chin, throat and breast 

 dark glossy umber brown; rest of under surface brown, glossed with 

 purple on the breast, flanks, abdomen and vent ; under tail-coverts 

 glossy purplish black ; axillaries and under wing-coverts purplish 

 black; bill and legs black; irides dark brown. 



Length. — 21'5 to 23 inches, wing 15 to 164, tail 8'6 to 9, tarsus 2'9, 

 bill at front 2-9 to 3. 



Hab. — This fine Raven occurs during winter in the northern parts 

 of Sind, where it is not uncommon at Larkhana and -Jacobabad from 

 December to March. It has hitherto been known from N. B. Africa, 

 Palestine, and Beloocbistan, about as far east as 62° east long. Its 

 occurrence at Jacobabad extends its range to nearly 69° east long. 

 Occurs also in Beloochistan, S. Afghanistan, S. Punjab (Ferozepore) 

 Egypt, Mesopotamia, and Cashmere (Gilgit). 



