256 TOTANIN^E. 



In winter the forebead, crown, nape, back of neck and upper back 

 ashy grey, finely streaked with dusky ; supercilium white, and a dusky 

 streak from- the base of the bill to the eye ; chin and throat white, sides of 

 face white with some fine dusky streaks; breast and under parts mottled 

 and barred with dingy ash brown and dull fulvous, or greyish white; 

 upper back, scapulars, shoulder of wing and lesser coverts a glossy 

 olive brown, darker on the upper back and tertiaries, all the feathers 

 spotted on the edges with white; the wing-coverts also tipped with 

 white ; lower back white ; rump barred with undulating lines of ashy 

 brown and white; tail also barred the same ; primaries dark brown, the 

 inner ones pale brown, tipped and mottled with white ; secondaries 

 barred white and pale brown ; legs deep orange red ; bill blackish, 

 orange at the base beneath. 



Length. — 13 inches, wing 6'75, tail 2'5, tarsus 2'8, bill 2'4. 



Hah. — Throughout India during winter; usually solitary or in very 

 small parties. It is a sea shore bird, but is also found on the edges of 

 rivers, lakes, mud banks, &c. It is said to swim well, and also to dive 

 when in danger. 



Totanus calidris, Lin.; P. E. 845; Gould. B. Eur. -pi. 310; Jerd. 

 B. Ind. iii. 702; Murray, Edbk., Zool, S^c, Sind, p. 221.— The Eed 

 Shank. 



Winter Plumage. — Forehead, crown, nape, back of the neck, upperback 

 and scapulars cinereous or glossy olive brown, the feathers on the back 

 and scapulars dark shafted ; supercilium and orbital ring white ; chin 

 and throat white ; sides of the face greyish white, with narrow brown 

 streaks ; neck in front and breast greyish white, with dusky or greyish 

 brown linear markings ; primaries dusky, their inner webs white ; the first 

 quill white shafted, and some of the inner ones white tipped ; secondaries 

 white ; tertials like the back ; wing-coverts olive brown, the greater 

 ones tipped with white ; axillaries, under wing-coverts, abdomen, vent 

 and under tail-coverts white ; lower back white; upper tail-coverts and 

 tail white, barred with dusky. 



Length. — 11*5 inches, tail 2'7, wing 6"45, bill at front 1'7 to 1'9, 

 reddish at the base, its terminal half dai-k brown, tarsus 2; irides brown, 

 legs red. 



Kab. — India generally during winter. Sind, Persia, Beloochistan 

 and Afghanistan, Southern and Western India, N. W. Provinces and 

 Oudh. Breeds in the North of Europe. 



Totanus— Sp. 



Female. — Frontal zone greyish white, the feathers with mesial narrow 

 brown streaks ; crown of the head cinereous, the feathers edged with 

 greyish white ; an indistinct dusky spot between the base of the bill 

 and the eye, and a white supercilium ; chin and throat white ; neck in 

 front and on the sides greyish white, the feathers with narrow mesial 

 dusky streaks ; back of the neck ashy grey, also with mesial narrow 

 dusky streaks; breast greyish white with dusky spots, which become 



